Psychology 2036A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Healthy People Program, Health Canada, Substance Abuse
17 Dec 2017
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Chapter 10- From One to Many: Health on a Large Scale"
Jason lives in run down neighbourhood where kids play in junkyard unsupervised. His dad is
unemployed because he doesn’t have much of an education and his mom is sick. They cant
afford a nicer place. Jason is in hospital with infected leg because he cut leg playing in
junkyard. "
The social Ecological Model: Building on the Biopsychsocial approach to understand Big
Pictures"
Take larger systems into account when assessing individuals health because individuals do not
exist in isolation "
Alan in first chapter- had Healthy Heart program= good health care policies "
Social Ecological Model- a model acknowledging that the individual is influenced by a
collection of larger, inter- related, and cumulative contexts, such as organizations, communities
and governments "
Stokols- these systems interact
and combine to have a
cumulative effect on our health"
WHO, Active Canada 20/20 and
Healthy People Program in US
have adopted model "
Langille and Rodgers- analyzed physical activity in schools by considering school board
policies and societal pressures for academic achievement and individual behaviour of children"
-most programs focus on individual and interpersonal levels and do not take larger systems
into account "
Tracking Health and Illness at the Population Level"
Epidemiology- the study of changing patterns of health and disease across populations and
geography areas "
-gathering and interpreting info on disease occurrence "
-Association between exposure and disease (contaminated air, food exposure)"
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Page ! of !2 8
Explain why disease occurs, interventions to reduce impact and populations at risk "
Epidemiology means the study of epidemics - they apply the Social Ecological Model "
People in field include sociologists, physicians, meteorologists plus health psych "
When patterns change quickly need to know if they are dealing with an outbreak "
Feb 23, 2003- 78 y.o women Hong Kong to Canada - suffering from severe acute resp
syndrome (SARS) - resulted in 250 cases, 40 deaths "
Illness new to country and world- fast action- discover nature of disease "
Epidemiologists start with a case than trace to starting point - then factors all people with
problem share. Goal- identify causes so problem can be eliminated or controlled "
Index case- the first identified instance of a medical problem "
Index case- lady from Hong Kong "
In hospital- six family members visited- 3 and doctor was infected "
Case B- one family member went to emergency- gave to 2 paramedics, 4 hospital staff and
firefighter"
Case C- three members of a family also contracted SARS"
Psychological issues- public exaggerate danger and create hysteria "
Probable cases- show symptoms "
Suspect cases- been exposed to disease"
BC 4 probable and 46 suspected "
Media reports lifetime prevalence- include people with SARS and are recovered- inflation of
magnitude "
People wore masks but disease wasn’t super prevalent and probably wouldn’t protect "
"
Fear doesnt make people
engage in healthy behaviour-
no guarantee people report
symptoms "
Social Determinants of Health
Canada"
Social determinants of health-
factors such as housing,
employment, socioeconomic
status, and food availability
that affect the health of the
populations "
-also economic and political
(poverty and war)"
Biomedical approaches do not
consider social detriments-
“upstream factors” (distant
from complaint) "
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Page ! of !3 8
The Vulnerability of Populations "
Detriments not equally distributed in populations some more likely to encounter health
problems "
Vulnerable populations- increased likelihood of exposure to threat, more likely threat will
become problem, lack resources to deal with problem "
Canada- good health care and developed, vulnerable populations exist- elderly, street youth"
Inner city- prevalence of poverty- poor nutrition, dental hygiene, chronic disease, mental
illness, infection"
At risk populations in inner city- lonely, entrapment, suicide "
30,000 homeless in Canada- Toronto families are largest group of homeless people- no
substance abuse or mental illness "
Especially women- experience trauma before- consequence on physical health and health
related behaviours "
Health across the Vast Expanse of Canada"
Rural or remote communities- social detriments of health relate to geography "
Rural not as healthy as urban- reported by Canadian Policy Research Networks"
Rural fewer than 10,000 people "
Remote communities not usually this small but distant from urban areas "
Bethune, Saskatchewan rural but not remote 40 min from Regina "
Ulukhaktok, NWT remote- assessable by air and ship- how far to visit doctor?"
Remote northern area 60% chance travel is 100km"
Farming and mining are dangerous. 70% of traumatic events occur in rural area even though
only 30% of population live there "
Little psychiatric and addiction services. But would you want to be seen going to those "
Culture and Health"
2030- 1/4 born outside of country, 30% from visible minority "
47% of second generation will belong to minority by 2031"
Healthy immigrant effect- the tendency for recent non-European immigrants to report their
health as being above average upon arrival to Canada, but to report deterioration of their health
over time "
Studied responses from 1994 to 2003- non European immigrants twice as likely than Canadian
born to show deterioration in health status, 1.5 times as likely to be frequent visits to doctors "
Studies with actual diagnosis opposed to self report- decline until converges with Canadians "
Those who feel fit will emigrate plus Canada screens health. More likely to be inactive and gain
weight. But non European more likely to be low socioeconomic status and difficult to secure
long term employment "
Change in health too. Healthy in home country could be seen as less than optimal in Canada. "
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 10- from one to many: health on a large scale. Jason lives in run down neighbourhood where kids play in junkyard unsupervised. His dad is unemployed because he doesn"t have much of an education and his mom is sick. Jason is in hospital with infected leg because he cut leg playing in junkyard. The social ecological model: building on the biopsychsocial approach to understand big. Take larger systems into account when assessing individuals health because individuals do not exist in isolation. Alan in rst chapter- had healthy heart program= good health care policies. Social ecological model- a model acknowledging that the individual is in uenced by a collection of larger, inter- related, and cumulative contexts, such as organizations, communities and governments. Stokols- these systems interact and combine to have a cumulative e ect on our health. Healthy people program in us have adopted model.
