Nursing 1180A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter week 5: Mucous Membrane, Gallbladder, Melena
9 Dec 2016
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The gastrointestinal system has three functions: ingestion of food, digestion of food, elimination of waste products. Divided into two major sections: the gastrointestinal (gi) tract. Hollow tube beginning at the mouth, ending at anus. Consists of south muscle, blood vessels & nerves. Moves food from top to bottom by peristalsis (contraction of smooth muscle) Mouth pharynx esophagus epiglottis (which closes over larynx to ensure food does not go down airways) gastroesophageal sphincter stomach small intestine (the duodenum, jejunum, ileum) large intestine (cecum, ascending, transvers, descending, and sigmoid colons, rectum and anus: accessory organs. Synthesizes plasma proteins, vitamins d,k,b12,a, nonessential amino acids. Secretes bile to digest fats, absorb fatty acids. Stores bile from liver until required, then empties into duodenum. Synthesizes digestive enzymes that area released into duodenum. Assessment of abdomen is preformed in inspection, auscultation, palpation, percussion. Auscultation: assess peristalsis or movement of bowel. Peristalsis may be increases by palpation and percussion, therefore auscultation is preformed prior.
