Geography 2410A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Social Forces
22 Jun 2017
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Absolute poverty: notions of absolute poverty are based on definable minimum requirements needed for physical survival, or subsistence, poverty line based on some form of survival criteria. Relative poverty: notions of relative poverty situate poverty in relation to the prevailing living standards of the society or community in question. Hybrid definitions: universal needs and capabilities exist in every society, but the means to achieve and express them differ from society to society; poverty exists when such universal needs are not met. These generally understand poverty to be hybrid and multi-dimensional. Employment, wages and their geography: there are important sections of the poor who are not wage earners or whose current income does not come from wages, such as the unemployed, retired people, and people with disabilities. Poverty and gender: women outnumber men both in terms of being in poverty and the extent of the poverty, women are far more likely than men to receive low incomes from waged work.
