Foods and Nutrition 1030E Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Active Transport, Health Canada, Homeostasis
Document Summary
Carbohydrates: 1/3 of the essential macronutrients, source of energy (especially in nerve cells, chemical structure: cho (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, food sources include grains, fruit, vegetables. Family of carbohydrates: monosaccharides: simple sugars, disaccharides: sugars composed of pairs of monosaccharides, polysaccharides: large molecules composed of chains of monosaccharides. Monosaccharides: glucose: significant energy source, most abundant sugar in diet, fructose: sweetest sugar, found in fruit, honey & high fructose corn syrup, galactose: does not occur alone in foods, binds w/ glucose to form lactose. Disaccharides: maltose (glucose + glucose): join in food to form starch molecules, sucrose (glucose + fructose): found in sugarcane, sugar beets, lactose (glucose + galactose): milk sugar, principal carbohydrate of milk. Condensation: reaction in which water is released as two reactants combine to form one larger product: linkage of two monosaccharides, oh (hydroxyl) group from one monosaccharide & h from another combine to form h2o.