Chemistry 1301A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 2.1: Covalent Bond, Noble Gas, Electronegativity
21 Sep 2015
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Covalent bonding: electrons are shared between metals, electronegativity difference between elements is < 1. 9, polar bond, unequal sharing of electrons, uneven distribution of charge due to the electronegativity difference, giving rise to the dipole moment. Dipole moment: can be represented by an arrow that points from slightly negative to slightly positive has both direction and magnitude. Represented by an arrow that points from slightly negative to slightly positive: en 0. 5<1. 9, nonpolar bond, equal sharing of electrons, en <0. 5. Using formal charge to determine best bonding sequence: best bonding sequence is the one with the least internal formal charge. Elements in the third row, 4th and 5th are not limited by the octet rule and are often found in an arrangement with more than eight electrons. Can have more than eight valence electrons. Some compounds do not have a full octet (first 2 rows) These compounds are very reactive since they can accept electrons from other compounds: molecules with unpaired electrons:
