Chemistry 1027A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Orbital Hybridisation, Acyl Halide, Sulfonic Acid
15 Mar 2015
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Document Summary
All carbon and hydrogen atoms are in the same plane sp2 hybridization. Ring contains three double bonds that shift back and forth rapidly two forms cannot be separated. Each carbon has a single unhybridized 2p orbital that contains 1 electron. Six 2p orbitals lie perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Difference in energy between resonance hybrid and its most stable hypothetical contributing structure. So stable don"t undergo typical alkene reactions: measuring hydrogenation reactions of benzene and alkenes, benzene is 151 kj/mol more stable than cyclohexane ring containing 3 c=c is expected to be. Monosubstituted alkylbenzenes are named as derivatives of benzene. Retains common names for several of the simpler monosubstituted alkylbenzenes. Examples: toluene (methylbenzene, styrene (phenylethylene, phenol (benzene with oh, aniline (benzene with nh2, benzaldehyde (benzene with aldehyde, benzoic acid (benzene with carboxylic acid, anisole (benzene with och3) Lower boiling points than benzenes with polar substituents: melting points depend on whether molecules can pack close together.
