Chemistry 1027A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Nucleophilic Substitution, Haloalkane, Steric Effects
15 Mar 2015
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Locate and number parent chain from direction that gives the substituent encountered first lower number. Show halogen substituents and list alpha order. Use number preceding name of halogen to locate each halogen on parent chain. Haloalkenes location of the double bond determines numbering of the parent hydrocarbon. Common name of alkyl group followed by name of halide as a separate word: name alkyl halide. Several of the polyhalomethanes are common solvents: ex. Compounds of type cx3 are haloforms: ex. Chlorofluorocarbons (cfc: most widely known, nontoxic, non-flammable, odourless, noncorrosive. Nucleophile: nucleus-loving reagent, any reagent that donates an unshared pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophilic substitution: any reaction in which one nucleophile is substituted for another, substitution takes place on an sp3 carbon. Halide ions are amount the best and most important leaving groups. All nucleophiles are also bases: substitution and base-promoted -elimination are competing reactions.
