Biology 1201A Chapter Notes - Chapter 18: Genotype Frequency, Neutral Mutation, Allele Frequency
5 Jan 2016
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Microevolution: small-scale genetic changes within populations, often in response to shifting environmental circumstances or chance events. Phenotypic variation: differences in appearance or function between individual organisms. Quantitative variation: variation measured on a continuum (i. e. height) rather than in discrete units or categories: usually displayed in a bar graph or if large population, a curve. Width of curve is proportional to variation. Mean is average value: natural selection often changes mean value within populations. Qualitative variation: variation that exists in two or more discrete states (i. e. blue or red) Polymorphism: the existence of discrete variants of a character among individuals in a population (discontinuous variation leading to 2 or more sharply distinct forms) Natural selection acts on the phenotype not the genotype. We can determine the impact of genetic vs. environmental factors: environmental, genetic: organisms) By changing one environmental variable and measuring the effects on genetically similar subjects. Breeding experiments (typically plants or short lifespan.
