Biology 1002B Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Amine, Peptide, Lysozyme
27 Jan 2016
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Proteins: polymers of amino acids: most diverse group of macromolecules, vary largely in terms of chemical composition/function, even simplest prokaryotic cell contains thousands of proteins. Speed up movement of substances across biological membranes. Microtubule/microfilam ent proteins form supporting fibres inside cells; collagen and other proteins surround and support animal cells; cell wall proteins support plant cells. Among thousands of examples, dna polymerase increase the rate of duplication of dna molecules; Rubp carboxylase/oxygenase increases rates of first synthetic reactions of photosynthesis the digestive enzymes lipases and proteases increase the rate of breakdown of fats and proteins, respectively. Ion transporters move ions such as na+, k+ and ca2+ across membranes; glucose transporters move glucose into cells; aquaporins allow water molecules to move across membranes. Nuclear regulatory proteins turn genes on or off to control the activity of dna; protein kinases add phosphate groups to other proteins to modify their activity.
