Biology 1002B Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Rubik'S Revenge, Transfer Rna, Wobble Base Pair

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2 May 2020

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The consequences of errors in transcription are less severe(ernstig) than those of errors in dna. Translation mrna is decoded in sets of three nucleotides. 3 triplets encode stop codons (not amino acid) Amino acids can be coded by different triplets. Genetic code is redundant (=several codons for one amino acid) Genetic code is universal (=all organisms use the same code for the same amino acid) Need a punctuation signal to indicate the correct reading frame. Linear sequence 9 (+- 80 nucleotides) folds into cloverleaf" structure via base- pairing. Cloverleaf" structure further folds into a l-shape molecule with two free ends: anticodon and amino acid attachment site. During folding, intron like sequences are spliced out from the primary transcript by specialized enzymes. Up to about 10% of the bases are chemically modified to altered base versions of a, c, g, and u.

Related Questions

If the bold term in each statement is correct hen write the letter C next to it. if the term is incorrect then replace it with the correct term.

The nucleotide bases found only in RNA and not in DNA is thymine.

The class of RNA molecules that carries the amino acids that are added to the growing polypeptide chain is tRNA.

During translation immediately after the first and second tRNA molecules become attached side by side on the mRNA., a hydrogen bond is formed between adjacent amino acids.

In the genetic code, 20 bases on the DNA code for a single amino acid.

The major lipid involved is transcription is RNA polymerase.

The one strand of DNA used as a template in the making of mRNA during transcription, is the template strand.

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3. Complementary base pairing is an essential feature of DNA replication and transcription and translation. Explain how.

4. Whatâs the significance of the fact that operator and promoter overlap?

5. In which direction (3â?5â or 5â?3â) does elongation of RNA occur?

6. In the genetic code, UUU and UUC both code for the same amino acid. What is this amino acid and what does this indicate about the genetic code?

7. Which part of a ribosome accepts a tRNA molecule that is attached to a growing polypeptide chain?

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QUESTION 1. Choose the true statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.

A.Eukaryotic DNA replication involves less protein factors than does prokaryotic DNA replication.

B. Prokaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 5' to 3', while eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 3' to 5'.

C. Eukaryotic DNA replication begins at multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotic DNA replication begins at a single origin of replication.

D. Prokaryotic genomes take longer to replicate than eukaryotic genomes.

QUESTION 2. Bacterial cells use DNA replication to:

A. make back-up copies of their genome in case of a mutation.

B. manifest multiple phenotypes at once.

C. copy their genetic material prior to binary fission.

D. build functional proteins.

QUESTION 3. Choose the true statement about the genetic code.

A. A cell's mRNA code is read four nucleotides at a time to specify a single amino acid.

B. The genetic code encodes 64 amino acids, one for each of the 64 corresponding codons.

C. The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying a single amino acid.

D. The genetic code varies widely among organisms, with each having a different set of codons for a corresponding amino acid.

QUESTION 4. Of the following enzymes, which are correctly matched with their function? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all correctly matched statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Helicase, relieves torsion stress as DNA unwinds

B. Ligase, covalently bonds adjacent Okazaki fragments

C. Primase, removes RNA primers

D. DNA polymerase III, builds most of the DNA on the leading and lagging strand

QUESTION 5. Which of the following contributes to DNA replication accuracy? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. The capacity to proofread improves DNA replication accuracy.

B. A slow rate of DNA replication contributes to accuracy.

C. The use of primase improves DNA replication accuracy.

D. DNA replication accuracy is improved thanks to complementary base pairing rules.

Biology 1002B Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Rubik'S Revenge, Transfer Rna, Wobble Base Pair

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