Biology 2483A Chapter Notes -Ribeiroia Ondatrae, Pacific Tree Frog, Trematoda

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26 Nov 2013

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Evens in the natural world are interconnected. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists evaluate competing hypothesis about natural systems with observations, experiments, and models. Natural systems are driven by the ways in which organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment. To understand how natural systems work, we must understand ecology. Ecology: scientific study of how organisms affect and affected by their environment and other organisms. Connection in nature: events in the natural world can be linked or connected to one another. Does not mean all the organisms affect one another that live in a given area. Organisms are connected to feature of their environment such as food, space, and other resources, species, physical environment. So they can all be connected indirectly. Deformity and decline in amphibian populations: a case study: high incidence of deformities in amphibians, declining populations of amphibians worldwide.

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Prompt #3: Please provide very detailed information. Thank you.

Plants and animals do not operate independently of one another. In fact, it is how these organisms interact that often defines form and function. Ecology is the branch of biology that focuses on these species interactions with each other in the habitats that they live. In light of the many human-induced changes to the environment, it would be impossible to study ecology without accounting for anthropogenic effects. Assume you are an ecologist studying local flora and fauna in San Diego. Describe the effects of human development in a local habitat (e.g. coastal, desert, chaparral, grassland, wetland, etc.). How will continued global climate change effect species adapted to a specific environment? What conservation and management measures could be implemented to protect native species in San Diego?

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

The following is a scenerio given by my professor. The bolded questions/instructions are what she wanted us to respond to with short answers using the scenerio provided. This is all she provided me with and nothing more except for a larger second portion (which also confused me a great deal).

You are part of research team that travels to a small island, Isla Naturale, to study various organisms on the island. When you get there you and a couple of colleagues decide to survey areas that seem to have very little organisms present like the beach and near the lava rocks. You notice that you can see a few lizards running around, they are nearly identical in every way except for their color. One lizard is light brown with white spots found mostly at the edge of the coast and the other is a gray color with black spots found to nest under lava rocks. You would like to test if they are separate species or if they interact with one another. Using the scientific method (question, research, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, and conclusion), design an experiment you could do to answer your question.

You travel back to Isla Naturale to study microbial organisms in a cave that one of your colleagues discovered a couple of months ago. Colleagues have found an underground spring inside the cave and decide to collect and bring back samples of water, rock, and soil. Once you examine the specimens closely you find the microbes present in the soil near the spring. The whole lab celebrates because it is a newly discovered organism and label it ISNAT01.

You are all excited to have potentially found a new life form. You find out that that ISNAT01 requires a high concentration of the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl) to live. Since no other organisms were found in the spring, the water must contain high amounts of sodium chloride. You test the pH of the water, the pH meter reads 10.12.

You are curious to know how this new organism, ISNAT01, thrives in this environment. You then test to see what types of elements and compounds that this microbe could possibly feed off of and what types of molecules it can make to within stand this extreme environment. If ISNAT01 cell membrane is composed of glycerol and fatty acids and high amounts of cysteine, what can you hypothesize about the microbe?

You then isolate an Enzyme ABC for ISNAT01. At the pH of the water in the cave spring, Enzyme ABC is found to be involved with assembling the cell membrane of ISNAT01. Which type of biological macromolecule is most likely involved? Draw a line graph showing how the concentration of Enzyme ABC affects the rate of cell membrane assembly at optimal pH. On the same graph, draw a second graph showing how the concentration of Enzyme ABC affects the rate of cell assembly if the pH of the water in the cave spring were to change from 10.12 to 5.5.

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Biology 2483A Chapter Notes -Ribeiroia Ondatrae, Pacific Tree Frog, Trematoda

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