Biochemistry 2280A Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Small Interfering Rna, Asteroid Family, Chromatin
Document Summary
Cell differentiation: achieved by control of gene expression, as all cells in an organism have the same genome. Gene expression: process by which cells selectively direct synthesis of many thousands of proteins and rna encoded in their genome. The different cell types of a multicellular organism contain the same dna. Different cell types produce different sets of proteins. Housekeeping proteins: proteins common to all cells of a eukaryote. Cataloging cell"s rna: can allow for examination of gene expression. A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals. Hormones: ligand binding can trigger increase or decrease in gene expression. Gene expression can be regulated at various steps along central dogma. Controls for various intermediates that don"t need to be formed. Transcriptional regulators: proteins that bind to dna and control gene expression. Promoter: region of gene that binds rna polymerase orienting it for transcription. Regulatory dna sequences: used to switch genes on and off.