HMB265H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Nonsense Mutation, Silent Mutation, Missense Mutation

• School: UTSG
• Department: Human Biology
• Course: HMB265H1
• Professor: Prof. Wright

Document Summary

The (cid:373)olecular expla(cid:374)atio(cid:374) for me(cid:374)del"s peas: the r allele of the pea shape gene specifies the enzyme sgr, which function in the pathway of breaking down chlorophyll during pea maturation, resulting in yellow peas. Silent mutation: can change a codon into a mutant codon that specifies exactly the same amino acid. Missense mutations: mutations that change a codon into a mutant condign that specifies a different amino acid. Conservative: when the substituted amino acid has chemical properties similar to the one replaced. Nonconservative: missense mutations that cause substitutions of an amino acid with a very different property are to have a more noticeable change. Frame shift mutations: result from an insertion or a deletion of nucleotide in the sequence. Loss-of function mutation: any mutation inside or outside a coding region that reduces or abolishes protein activity: null or amorphic: loss of function alleles that completely block the functions of proteins.