HIS103Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Maximilien Robespierre, Industrial Revolution, Dominic Lieven
“Slaughterhouse,” Adam Gopnik’s review of David Bell’s
The First Total War
in
The
New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/02/12/slaughterhouse
War is conflict resolved by bloodshed
○
Separate coalitions, states leaving and rejoining
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1792 declared war on Austria - expected short victory
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Continued need for improvement of armies
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Destroy adversary's means and will to resist
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18th century produced more moderate warfare
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Better agriculture production --> population boom
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Beginning of industrial revolution --> better weaponry and equipment
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Corps - could move better, more organized
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No European power wanted war - busy with their own affairs
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France seen as weak, bad economy, weak military strength
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Ideas blamed --> desire to spread revolution
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1790s tension between Austria and France
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European powers agree that monarchy is best in France
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Overestimate their abilities
▪
French push for war - distraction from problems of revolution
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Prussians unite with Austrians
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Uprising in Paris = suspension of monarchy, France becomes a republic
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French winning wars --> convention executes King
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Results in formation of 1st coalition
▪
February 1 - war on Britain, United Provinces, Spain
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Robespierre institutes dictatorship --> Paris becomes more efficient
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Levee en masse --> conscription
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Robespierre overthrows - Thermidorian Reaction - 1794
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States begin to withdraw from the war
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Director's leadership was unstable - didn't feel comfortable ending the war
(risky)
○
Countries that had been brought 'liberation' were taxed
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Immediately
▪
Likely that war would have ended without Napoleon
○
Kept wars going : reestablish Poland, establish client states in Italy, Hungary =
independent, Prussia broken, form independent republics in England and Ireland,
control Egypt, drive Turks out
○
Provoked all of his wars
▪
Control policies threatened other states
○
Refused to accept the balance of power / make concessions
▪
Had Napoleon made peace, he could have kept everything
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Protection / extension of political power
○
Bad treaties that states took very opportunity to revoke = more war
○
Difference in ideology does not necessarily = war
○
Nationalism: used to mobilize, promote solidarity
Gunther E. Rothenberg, “The Origins, Causes, and Extension of the Wars of the
French Revolution and Napoleon,”
The Journal of Interdisciplinary History,
vol. 18, no.
4 (Spring, 1988), 771-793. (LCR)
Tutorial 1.7: The French Revolution, Napoleon,
and Russia
December 1, 2016
1:00 PM
READINGS Page 185
Document Summary
Tutorial 1. 7: the french revolution, napoleon, and russia. Slaughterhouse, adam gopnik"s review of david bell"s the first total warin the. Gunther e. rothenberg, the origins, causes, and extension of the wars of the. French revolution and napoleon, the journal of interdisciplinary history, vol. 1792 declared war on austria - expected short victory. Beginning of industrial revolution --> better weaponry and equipment. No european power wanted war - busy with their own affairs. France seen as weak, bad economy, weak military strength. European powers agree that monarchy is best in france. French push for war - distraction from problems of revolution. Uprising in paris = suspension of monarchy, france becomes a republic. February 1 - war on britain, united provinces, spain. Robespierre institutes dictatorship --> paris becomes more efficient. Director"s leadership was unstable - didn"t feel comfortable ending the war (risky) Countries that had been brought "liberation" were taxed. Likely that war would have ended without napoleon.
