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ENV320H1 Chapter : summary of coerciveness reading

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orangecat917
16 Feb 2012
School
UTSG
Department
School of Environment
Course
ENV320H1
Professor
Douglas Mac Donald

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Document Summary

This paper identifies that the general trend in the relative coerciveness of policy instruments used in response to different pollution cases has been declining over the past century. Douglas macdonald argues that this trend is directly correlated with the distribution of power in the policy network. For the three largest pollution cases, sewage waste, toxic waste and climate change, policy instruments used in each were listed and standardized on a scale of one (least coercive) through eight (most coercive). It was then apparent that the earliest case, sewage waste, had the largest distribution of coerciveness ranging from one to eight. The second case is toxic waste, in 1970 it ranged only one to four, but by 1980, due to an increase of popular support for environmental protection, coercive law was imposed at a rating of seven. Finally climate changed has proved to show the least amount of coercive measures with two policy instruments both only at a two.

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Related Questions

Please discuss below at least five economic policy instruments one may use to bring down greenhouse gas emissions and associated negative consequences of environmental and natural resource damage. Please include a comparative analysis among these instruments/methods as far as their likely effectiveness. Do you believe several of these instruments/methods can be used in combination?

Please answer True or False:

1. By definition, the marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve shows the change in costs associated with higher levels of abatement, using the most widely available technology

2. The command-and-control approach to environmental policy uses rules, emissions limits, and various incentive-based policy instruments.

3. According to the cost-effectiveness criterion, all polluting sources would abate pollution to the point where their individual marginal abatement cost (MAC) levels were equal.

4. The condition for an efficient bargaining under the Coase Theorem is that the marginal willingness to accept is greater than the marginal willingness to pay.

5. An example of a location choice policy is urban planning rules.

6. Command and Control instruments can intervene at any stage of production.

Assume the damages resulting from a particular type of pollution are uncertain. Policy makers are able to asses the average level of damages, and can choose a policy instrument that will internalize the average level of externality leading to what would appear to be an efficient level of output. Explain why this apparent efficiency might actually result in too much pollution. Clearly state and justify any assumptions you use.