PSYC14H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Acculturation

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CHAPTERNOTES



Chapter7:LivinginMulticulturalWorlds

● Worldwide,~130milpplarelivingin

countriestheywerenotbornin

● InUS~10%ofpophasimmigratedfrom

anothercountry

● Encounteringpplfromdiffcultureshas

becomeacommonexperienceformost

● Whathappenstoppl’spsychologywhen

theymovetoaculturethatisdifffromthe

onewheretheywereraised?



DifficultiesinStudyingAcculturation

● Acculturation:processbywhichpplmigrate

toandlearnculturethat’sdifferentfromtheir

originalorheritageculture

● Reachingconsistentconclusionson

acculturationishard→acculturatingindvs

havewidelyvaryingexperiences

○ Pplmovetoanewcountryformany

reasons

●Diffindvshaveverydiffpersonalities,goals,

andexpectationsthataffecttheir

acculturationexperiences



WhatHappenswhenPplMovetoaNewCulture?



→ChangesinAttitudesTowardtheHostCulture

● Migrantsarethosewhomovefroma

heritageculture(originalculture)toahost

culture(theirnewculture)

○ Sojourners→thosewhointendto

stayonlytemporarily

○ Immigrants→thosewhointendto

movepermanently

●Study

○Infirstfewmonthsoftheir

experiences,migrantswerehaving

especiallypositivetimeintheirvisit

■Enjoyingnewexperiences,

meetingnewppl,trying

newfoods,etc→

honeymoonstage

○Atsomepointfunandexcitement

comestoanend

■Mostvisitorsbegintohave

increasingly()views

abouttheirhostculture→

cultureshockstage

●Thrillofhavinga

novelexperience

wearsoff 

● Oftenrealizetheir

languageskills

arenotyetgood

enoughto

functionand

thrive

● Homesick

● Beinganxious,

helpless,irritable,

andhomesick

thatone

experienceson

movingtoanew

culture 

○ Adjustmentphase

■ Starttoadjustnadbeginto

enjoyexperiencesmore

■Languageabilities

improved

■ Startedtothinkmoreand

morelikethelocalsaround

them

■ Thisphasetendsto

extendoveryears

■ Overtime,pplbecome

moreproficientat

functioningintheirnew

culture

■ Inhomogenouscultures

(ex:Japanwhere98%of

ppllivingthereare

Japanese)ittakesmuch

longertoreachthisphase

→WhoAdjustsBetter?

● Culturaldistance

○Differencebetweentwoculturesin

theiroverallwaysoflife

○ Onefactorthatshouldpredict

person’ssuccessinadjustingtoa

newcultureisamountofcultural

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distanceb/wheritagecultureand

hostculture

○ Assumethatmoreculturaldistance

someoneneedstotravel,more

difficultythatpersonwillhave

acculturating

○ Studieshavefoundsojournersfrom

moredistantculturesufferfrom

moredistress,requiremoremedical

consultations,andhavemoresocial

difficultiesingeneral

○ Culturaldistancemakesitdifficultto

establishandmaintain

interpersonalrelationshipswith

membersofhostculture

● Culturalfit

○ Degreetowhichanindv’s

personalityismoresimilartothe

dominantculturalvaluesinhost

culture

○ Greatertheculturefit=moreeasily

heorsheshouldacculturatetoit

○ Pplwhoscorehighonextraversion

morelikelytomovetoother

countries

■ Particularlytourbanareas

○ Highlyextravertedimmigrantsfare

betterintermsoftheirwellbeing

whentheyimmigratetocountries

withoverallmoreextraversion

● Acculturationstrategies

○ Twoissuescriticaltooutcomeof

one’sacculturation:

■ Whetherpplattemptto

participateinlargersociety

oftheirhostculture

● Reflectshow

motivatedpplare

toacquirean

identityconstant

withthatofhost

culture

■ Whetherpplarestrivingto

maintaintheirown

heritagecultureand

identityasmembersof

thatculture

● Thosewhohave

(+)attitudes

towardstheir

heritageculture

aresaidtobe

maintainingan

ethnicidentity

○ Thetwoissuesareindependent

○ Integrationstrategy→attemptsto

fitinandfullyparticipateinhost

culturewhilesimultaneouslystriving

tomaintainthetraditionsofone’s

heritageculture

■ (+)viewstowardboththeir

heritageandhostculture

■ Bestofbothworlds

■ Mostcommonpplpursue

■ Lowestdegreeofstress

○ Marginalizationstrategy→littleor

noefforttoparticipateinthehost

cultureortomaintaintraditionsof

heritageculture

■ Leastsuccessfulstrategy

→rejectionofdominant

society,lossofone’sown

culture,weakenedsocial

support



● Assimilationstrategy→attempttofitinand

fullyparticipateinhostculturewhilemaking

littleornoefforttomaintaintraditionsof

one’sheritageculture

● Separationstrategy→effortstomaintain

traditionsofheritageculturewhilemaking

littleornoefforttoparticipateinhostculture

○Don’twishtoacculturatetohost

culture 

● Whenhostculturespromotetolerancefor

diversityandmulticulturalism,migrantsare

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PSYC14H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Acculturation

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