PSYC14H3 Chapter 9: Cognition and Perception

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maroonalpaca618

5 Jul 2018

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CHAPTERNOTES



Chapter9:CognitionandPerception



→AnalyticandHolisticThinking

● Analyticthinking:focusonobjectsandtheir

attributes

○ Objectsperceivedasexisting

independentlyfromtheircontexts

○ Understoodintermsoftheir

componentparts

○ MorecommoninWesterncultures

thanitiselsewhere 

● Holisticthinking:orientationtothecontextas

awhole

○ Associativewayofthinking

○ Givesattentiontorelationsamong

objectsandamongobjectsand

surroundingcontext

○ Objectsunderstoodintermsofhow

theyrelatetorestofthecontextand

theirbehaviourispredictedand

explainedonthebasisofthose

relationships

○ Emphasizesknowledgegained

throughexperienceratherthan

applicationoffixedabstractrules

○ MorecommoninEastAsianand

otherculturesthaninWestern

cultures

● Pplincollectivisticsocieties→tendtobe

socializedinrelationalcontexts

● Pplinindividualisticsocieties→morelikely

tobesocializedtobeindependentandto

havetheirattentionfocusedonobjects



Attention

● Atagiventime,whereone’scognitive

activityisdirected

●Analyticthinkersmorelikelytofocustheir

attentiononseparatepartsofascene

○ Partsthatrepresentdiscrete

objectsofinterest

○ Tendtoshowfieldindependence:

canseparateobjectsfromtheir

backgroundfields

● Holisticthinkerstendtoperceivetheworld

asconsistingofaninterrelatedwhole

○ Directtheirattentionmorebroadly,

acrossanentirescene

○ Showfielddependence:tendto

viewobjectsasboundtotheir

backgrounds

● Study

○ Americansfocusedmoreonthe

indvobjectsthantheydidonthe

relationsbetweentheobjects



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