PSYC14H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Conscientiousness, Extraversion And Introversion

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CHAPTERNOTES

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Chapter6:SelfandPersonality

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WhoamI?

● Questionaddressesthenatureofour

selfconceptsandfoundationofouridentities

● Natureofourselvesstronglyinfluencesthe

wayweperceiveandinteractwithoursocial

worlds

● Culturecanshapeselfconcept

● Features:

○ Relativelyabstract

○ Likelyexperiencedasastable

○ Itcanexistbyitself

● Pplareabletothinkofthemselvesinterms

ofbothabstractpsychologicalattributesand

concreterolesandrelationships

● Someculturesencourageppltofocuson

theirenduringinnerattributes

● Otherculturesencourageppltofocuson

theirconnectionswithothers

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IndependentvsInterdependentViewsofSelf

● Thereareatleast2wayspplmightsee

themselves

○ Theselfcanbethoughttoderiveits

identityfromitsinnerattributes→

independentviewofself

■ Assumedtoreflectinner

essenceoftheindv

■ Theyarethebasisofthe

indv’sidentity

■ Stableacrosssituations

andlifespan

■ Perceivedtobeunique

■ Selfcontained

■ Viewedassignificantfor

regulatingbehaviour

○ Interdependentviewofself

■ Selfcanbeviewedasa

relationalentitythatits

fundamentallyconnected

to,andsustainedby,a

numberofsignificant

relationships

■ Behaviourisrecognized

ascontingentupon

perceptionsofothers’

thoughts,feelings,and

actions

■ Relationshipswithone’s

ingroupmembersare

selfdefiningare

selfdefiningforthosewith

interdependentselves

■ Ppldonteasilybecome

ingroupmembers,nordo

closerelationshipseasily

dissipateintooutgroup

relationships

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

RelationswithIngroupsandOutgroups

● Closerelationshipswithmembersofingroup

ismoreselfdefiningforinterdependent

selves 

● Pplwithindependentselveshavepermeable

boundaryb/wtheiringroupsandoutgroups

○ Perceivehimselforherselfas

existingandfunctioningseparately

fromsocialenvironment

○ Newrelationshipscanbeformed

andoldrelationshipscanbe

dissolvedwithouthavinglarge

impactonperson’sperceptionof

his/herownidentity

○ Morewillingtoformnew

relationships,andbeless

distressedshouldanyofthose

relationshipsfadeawayovertime

● Pplwithinterdependentselveshavemore

clearcutboundaryb/wthegroups

○ Becomingmemberofthisoutgroup

isabigaccomplishment

○ Noteastforoutgroupmemberto

becomepartofvaluedingroup

○ Rareformemberoftheingroupto

losehisorherprivilegedstatusand

fallintooutgroupcategory

● Hightendeddistinctivenessbetween

ingroupsandoutgroupsamongthosewho

aremoreinterdependent

○ Example:studyfoundthat

AsianAmericansweremore

accuratethanEuropeanAmericans

inidentifyingemotionsexperienced

bytheirclosefriendsand

EuropeanAmericansweremore

accuratethanAsianAmericansin

identifyingemotionsexperiencedby

strangers

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→Trustandcommitmentamongpplwithindependent

andinterdependentselves

● Insocietycharacterizedbystronggroupties,

feelingsoftrustconfinedtothatgroup

● Strongerthebondb/wmemberswithina

group,weakerthetiesbetweengroups

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→Conformitypressures

● Pplwithmoreinterdependentviewsofself

aremorelikelytoconformthanthosewith

moreindependentviewsofself

○ Butdependsonnatureofgroup→

wheninasituationwithstrangers

→pplwithinterdependentselves

conformasmuchasthosewith

independentselves

○ Ingroupwiththeirpeers→conform

more

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● Pplwithinterdependentselvesviewingroup

membersasanextensionofthemselves

● Pplwithindependentselvesview

themselvesasdistinctfromallothers,

regardlessoftheirrelationshipstotheothers



IndividualismandCollectivism

● Culturalpracticesalsoshapedbykindsof

selfconceptsaculture’smembershave

● Individualisticcultures

○ Morelikelytoelaborateon

independentaspectsofthemselves

○ Feeldistinctfromothersand

emphasizetheimportanceofbeing

selfsufficient

○ Mostindividualisticcountryinthe

worldistheUnitedStates,closely

followedbyotherEnglishspeaking

countriesandbyWesternEuropean

nations

○ Researchthatshowsindividualism

varyingasafunctionofsocialclass

■ Pplfromhigher

socioeconomic

backgroundstendtohave

moreindependentselves

thanthosefrompoorer

backgrounds(withininthe

samecountry)

● Collectivisticcultures

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PSYC14H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Conscientiousness, Extraversion And Introversion

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