PSYC14H3 Chapter 5: Development and Socialization

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5 Jul 2018

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CHAPTERNOTES



Chapter5:DevelopmentandSocialization



UniversalBrainsDevelopintoCulturallyVariable

Minds

● Humanscanadaptduetotheirabilityto

learnandaccumulateculturalinfothat’s

allowedustosucceedinvarious

environments

● Culturalknowledgeisn'tsomethingthatwe

alreadyknow

○ We’repreparedtoadjusttoand

seizemeaningfromany

environmentwecomeacross



SensitivePeriodsforCulturalSocialization

● Sensitiveperiod:periodoftimeinorganism’s

developmentthatallowsforeasyacquisition

ofasetofskills

● Evidenceforlanguageacquisitiontohavea

sensitiveperiod:

○ Younginfantscandiscriminate

amongallphonemesthathumans

areabletoproduce

○ Aswe’reexposedtolanguage,we

begintocategorizeit

○ Ourbrainsareespeciallyplastic

beforepubertyforlanguageinput

○ Moredifficulttomasteralanguage

ifyoustartlearningitaftersensitive

period

● Pplseemtobeinternalizingculturalmeaning

systemsfrombirth

○ After9yearsold,some

permanenceemergesfrom

retentionoflearnedcultural

meanings

○ ParticipantswhomovedtotheUS

beforeage9reportedfeeling

distantfromtheirJapaneseheritage



CulturalDifferencesinPsychologicalProcesses

EmergewithAge

● Youngchildrenfromdifferentculturesshould

appearrelativelymoresimilartoeachother

thanshouldolderchildren

● Morepronouncedculturaldifferencesshould

emergeforadultsbecausethey’vehadmore

timefortheirmindstobeshapedbycultural

experiences



WhatKindofChildhoodExperiencesDifferAcross

Cultures

● Sleepingarrangements

○ Largelyinfluencesenvironmentin

whichbabyisgoingtostartitslife

andpplfromdiffculturesmakethis

decisionindiffways

■ Babiessleepindifferent

roomsforAmericans

■ Inothercultures,baby

sleepwiththemisame

bedorsameroom

■ Issuesofchildren

cosleepingwithparents

reflectmoralvalueof

parents

○ Howcultureaffectssleeping

arrangements

■ Incestavoidance:

postpubescentmembers

ofthefamilyoftheoppsex

shouldn’tsleepinrooms

together

■ Protectionofthe

vulnerable:youngchildren

who’revulnerable

shouldn’tbeleftalonein

thenight

■ Femalechastityanxiety:

unmarriedpostpubescent

womenshouldalwaysbe

accompaniedtoprotect

themfromengagingin

sexualactivitythatwould

beviewedasshameful

■ Respectforhierarchy:

postpubescentboysare

coferredsocialstatusby

allowingthemtonothave

tosleepwithparentsor

youngchildren(India)

■ Sacredcouple:married

couplesshouldbegiven

theirownspacefor

emotionalintimacyand

sexualprivacy

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