PSYB20H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Immature Ovum, In Vitro Fertilisation
Chapter 2: Conception, Heredity, and Environment
Conception and Infertility
Fertilization:
-Fertilization: union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote; conception
oIf it doesn’t occur, the sperm is absorbed by white blood cells
-Zygote: one-celled organism resulting from fertilization
-Infertility: inability to conceive after 12 months of trying
- 2 million immature ova in ovaries
Infertility:
- 12-16% of Canadian couples between ages 15-44 who experience infertility
-Men: low sperm count or insufficient motile sperm
o< 60-200 million sperm per ejaculation makes conception unlikely
oNot as much effected by age vs. women but declines after 30
oGenetic component
-Women: failure to produce eggs, mucus in the cervix (prevents sperm from reaching the egg),
disease of uterine lining (prevents the egg from implantation)
oDeterioration of ova after 30
oScar tissue from STDs, creating blockage of the fallopian tubes
Assisted Reproductive Technologies:
- First tested 1978, 300 million children worldwide born through ART
- 3500/yr. in Canada
- Artificial Insemination: sperm injected into vagina (low sperm count)
- In Vitro Fertilization: woman receives drugs to make her produce more ova, then taken out,
fertilized in a lab dish, and implanted into the women’s uterus
oDue to low success rate, multiple are placed into the uterus and results in twins or more
kids
o2006, 48% of infants were twins or higher multiples (HELL NAW)
- Multiple births:
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Document Summary
Fertilization: union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote; conception: if it doesn"t occur, the sperm is absorbed by white blood cells. Infertility: inability to conceive after 12 months of trying. 12-16% of canadian couples between ages 15-44 who experience infertility. Men: low sperm count or insufficient motile sperm: < 60-200 million sperm per ejaculation makes conception unlikely, not as much effected by age vs. women but declines after 30, genetic component. First tested 1978, 300 million children worldwide born through art. Artificial insemination: sperm injected into vagina (low sperm count) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi): single sperm injected into ovum. Ovum transfer: donor egg is fertilized in the lab and implanted in the mother"s uterus: usually successful, only 34% have life births, using mother"s own ova, the success rate decreases with age. Surrogate mothers: laws against surrogates trying to fight to keep their baby. Doesn"t necessarily happen only if someone can"t conceive.
