PSYA01H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Belief Perseverance, Satisficing, Confirmation Bias
Document Summary
Defining & solving problems: problem solving: accomplishing a goal when the solution or the path to the solution is not clear. Attempt to find a technique/strategy that will allow us to overcome obstacles: problem-solving strategies & techniques. Algorithms: problem-solving strategies based on a series of rules. Heuristics: problem-solving strategies that stem from prior experiences and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution: cognitive obstacles. Mental set: cognitive obstacle that occurs when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to what is actually a new type of problem. Functional fixedness: occurs when an individual identifies an object/technique that could potentially solve a problem, but can think of only its most obvious function: ex: not using pliers as weight because that"s not what pliers" intended function is. Judgment and decision making: representativeness & availability. Representativeness heuristic: making judgments of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category.
