HLTC22H3 Chapter 1: Chapter 1 Book Notes

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redgnu870

16 Dec 2010

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Chapter 1: introduction and basic concepts in aging. Psychological gerontologists have focused more on describing what happens cognitively, emotionally, and socially as we age, with a view toward identifying factors that promote positive aging or increase the risk of negative aging. Biogerontologists emphasizes factors that affect the rate of aging. Birren, butler, greenhouse, and yarrow (1963) divided healthy older men into 2 groups: those with subclinical disease and those who were completely healthy. Birren and his colleagues found that nearly all of the deficits generally associated with aging were found in the older men with subclinical disease, but not in the optimally healthy men. One exception was neuronal slowing, which even the healthiest men manifested. Gerontology is unique since it has recognized that interdisciplinary endeavours are required for understanding the aging process. Culture effects the aging process in every way.

Related Questions

Based on what you have learned about emotion and motivation, learning theories, as well as biological (nature) and environmental/social (nurture) factors, explore the debate on what is known about the causes of aggressive behavior. Include the following sections in your essay.

Introduction Paragraph

Body Paragraphs:

Nature: Biological Basis of Behavior

Is one gender naturally (genetically) more or less aggressive than the other gender? Why or why not? Discuss evidence to support your position. (Refer to specific theories, models, and research of particular psychologists in this section of the paper.)

Nurture: Social and Environmental Influences on Behavior

Does exposure to aggressive behavior in the environment (i.e. home, role models, caregivers, media - TV, movies, music, and video games), encourage or discourage aggressive behavior? Discuss evidence to support your position. (Refer to specific theories, models, and research of particular psychologists in this section of the paper.)

Conclusion Paragraph

Based on what you have learned about biological and environmental influences on behavior, which plays a more influential role in helping us understand aggression?

Requirements: Length = approximately 2-3 pages.

blueoyster440

Psychology number 1 is most important

This assignment comprises two components: a behavioral health prevention program design, and a behavioral health prevention summary report, addressing the behavioral and psychological factors promoting healthy living and disease prevention.

1.Behavioral Health Prevention Program

Design a behavioral health prevention program that outlines the program and addresses the following:

Program mission and vision, including theoretical knowledge of working with individuals and families in the community.

Stakeholders involved in the program: patients; paraprofessionals; therapists; educational institutions; public health, government, and community agencies; the local community; etc.

Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders.

Behavioral and psychological barriers that impede behavior modification and disease prevention: role of behavior and prevention in maintaining health.

Recommendations for behavior modification and disease prevention: factors promoting healthy living and factors promoting disease prevention.

2. Behavioral Health Prevention Summary Report

Write a summary report (1,250-1,500 words) about the information gleaned from the behavioral health prevention program design process.

sapphireferret294

QUESTION 26

Age 65 has come to be considered the onset of old age in the U.S. because:

	a.	This is when most older adults find their abilities diminishing
	b.	At age 65, physical appearance makes it evident that a person is old
	c.	This is the age identified in Social Security and Medicare at the time these were enacted
	d.	This is the age at which life expectancy diminishes most rapidly

1 points

QUESTION 27

The concept of "dependency ratios" has been criticized because:

		Individual differences in needs as well as differences in aging and activity choices make it difficult to ascertain which generation depends on which other generations.
		Very few older adults ever rely on younger individuals for support and assistance
		The most dependent generation may well be young adults
		It is common knowledge that older adults are dependent on younger individuals

1 points

QUESTION 28

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the purpose of theory in understanding aging?

	a.	Theories attempt to explai what we observe in empirical research or practice
	b.	A goal is to consolidate practice around a simple set of principles
	c.	Theories resolve disputes about the nature of reality and definitions of aging
	d.	The most important purpose is to reduce apparently complex phenomena to a few basic factors

1 points

QUESTION 29

Explanations that focus on the situations and problems that accumulate during the life span and cannot be understood separate from developmental experiences are considered to reflect:

	a.	The aged
	b.	Aging
	c.	Age
	d.	The meaning of life

1 points

QUESTION 30

Early theories of aging, described later life as a:

	a.	Problem
	b.	normal, welcomed stage of life
	c.	rare and unique process
	d.	Too idiosyncratic for generalized description

1 points

QUESTION 31

Theories that explain aging as resulting from the accumulation of "insults" from the environment, which eventually reach a level incompatible with life are labeled:

	a.	Sociocultural theories
	b.	Selective optimization with compensation
	c.	Model of Human Occupation
	d.	Stochastic theories

1 points

QUESTION 32

Psychological theories of aging seek to explain

	a.	Reasons for the emergence of mental disorders in late life
	b.	Why older individuals are likely to be pessimistic
	c.	Relationships among older and younger individuals
	d.	The multiple changes in individual behavior in late life

1 points

QUESTION 33

It is now believed that neurological theories of aging that focus on decline in neurological functioning may be:

	a.	Too optimistic
	b.	Lacking in clarity
	c.	Too pessimistic
	d.	Too limited

1 points

QUESTION 34

In the theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation, "optimization" refers to the idea that:

	a.	People engage in behaviors that augment or enrich their general reserves and maximize their chosen life courses
	b.	People make efforts in middle age to accumulate needed resources to ensure successful aging
	c.	Changing biological and psychological factors that enhance the abilities of older adults in memory and problem solving
	d.	Political initiatives that reduce stigma associated with later life

1 points

QUESTION 35

Mrs. Adams, an 87 year-old widow, has begun to distance herself from some of her extended family members. At the same time, she spends increasing time with her adult children, grandchildren, and some of her close neighbors. This would be an example of:

	a.	The Model of Human Occupation
	b.	Evolutionary Theory
	c.	Cognition and Aging theories
	d.	Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

1 points

QUESTION 36

A theory of particular relevance to occupational and physical therapy is:

	a.	Theory of Free Radicals
	b.	Systems theory of motor control
	c.	Stochastic theories
	d.

1 points

QUESTION 37

Theory is important to therapeutic decisions as a way to:

	a.	Reduce the therapist's need to address individual differences
	b.	Guide decisions about evaluation and intervention
	c.	Minimize the idea of complexity in understanding older adults
	d.	Clearly identify the specific evaluation instruments to be used

HLTC22H3 Chapter 1: Chapter 1 Book Notes

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