ECO100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Economic Surplus, Demand Curve, Normal Good

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11 Jun 2018

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CHAPTER -CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

SUMMARY

• A utility-maximizing consumer allocates expenditures so that

the marginal utility obtained from the last dollar spent on each

product is equal.

• A rise in the price of a product (with all other determinants of

demand held con- stant) leads each utility-maximizing

consumer to reduce the quantity demanded of the product.

• The substitution effect increases the quantity demanded of a

product whose price has fallen and reduces the quantity

demanded of a product whose price has risen.

• The income effect leads consumers to buy more of a product

whose price has fallen, provided that the product is a normal

good.

• Because of the combined operation of the income and

substitution effects, the demand curve for any normal good will

be negatively sloped. A fall in price will increase the quantity

demanded.

• For any unit consumed, consumer surplus is the difference

between the maximum amount the consumer is willing to pay

for that unit and the price the consumer actually pays.

• The market demand curve shows the valuation that consumers

place on each unit of the product. For any given quantity, the

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Related Questions

1. If marginal utility is negative, total utility is

a. Positive

b. Negative

c. Decreasing

d. Constant

e. Increasing

2. If utility-maximizing consumers face identical prices, they will have identical

a. Marginal utilities for each good

b. Ratio of marginal utilities for each good

c. Preferences

d. Ratios of total utilities for each good

e. Total utilities for each good

3. The substitution effect

a. Always increases quantity demanded of a good whose relative price has fallen

b. Is opposite in sign to the income effect for all normal goods

c. Is opposite in sign to the income effect for all normal goods

d. May cause demand curves to be upward sloping

e. Is always dominated by the income effect for normal goods

4. Demand curves for normal goods slope downward because

a. The substitution effect of a price change is greater than the income effect

b. Substitution and income effects work in the same direction

c. The income effect is always greater than the substitution effect

d. The income effect is always less than the substitution effect

e. None of the above

5. The idea that a consumer derives less additional satisfaction from consuming successive units of a good is called

a. Diminishing consumer surplus

b. The paradox of value

c. Diminishing marginal utility

d. Diminishing total value of consumption

e. Diminishing total utility

indigolocust149

A firm has estimated the following demand function for its product:

Q = 100 - 5P + 5I + 15A

Where Q is the quantity demanded per month in thousands, P is product price, I is an index of consumer income, and A is advertising expenditures per month in thousands. Assume that P = $200, I = 150, and A = 30. For simplicity in calculating the results, use the point elasticity formulas to complete the calculations indicated below.

(i) Calculate the quantity demanded.
(ii) Calculate the price elasticity for demand. Is demand elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic?
(iii) Calculate the income elasticity of demand. Is the good normal or inferior?
(iv) Calculate the advertising elasticity of demand.

champagnescorpion326

budget line

marginal utility

complete property of preferences

market demand

consumption bundle

substitution effect

Giffen good

total effect

income effect

transitive property of preferences

indifference curves

utility

the marginal rate of substitution

utility function

1.	_____	The satisfaction or benefit that consumers receive from consuming goods or services.
2.	________________ _	A particular combination of specific quantities of goods or services
3.	________________ _	Consumers can rank all conceivable bundles of goods or services
4.	_____	If A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A is always preferred to C.
5.	_____	Equation showing a consumerâs perception of the total utility forthcoming from consuming each bundle of goods and services.
6.	_____	A set of consumption bundles each and every one of which provides a consumer with exactly the same level of total utility.
7.	_____	The number of units of Y that must be given up for total utility to remain the same when one more unit of X is consumed.
8.	_____	The addition to total utility attributable to consuming one more unit of a good, holding the consumption of all other goods constant.
9.	_____	The line showing all bundles of goods that can be purchased at given prices if the entire income is spent.
10.	_____	The change in the consumption of a good that would result if the consumer remained on the original indifference curve after the price of the good changes.
11.	_____	The change in consumption of goods results strictly from the change in purchasing power after the price of a good changes.
12.	________________ _	The sum of the substitution and income effects.
13.	_____	A good for which quantity demanded varies directly with price, causing an upward sloping demand curve.
14.	_____	A list of prices and the corresponding quantity consumers are willing and able to purchase at each price.

blushwildebeest943

ECO100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Economic Surplus, Demand Curve, Normal Good

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