PSY 2105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5-6: Moro Reflex, Circadian Rhythm, Smoking And Pregnancy
13 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSY2105A Dr. Isabelle Boutet
Chap 5 & 6 Physical Development 08.05.18
Chap 5 p 130-162; Chap 6 p 191-204
States and Behaviors of Newborns
Newborn – 0-6wks; Infant – 6wks-18mnths; Toddler – 18mnts-3yrs; preschooler – 3-5yrs; adolescent – 12-18yrs
• Most children gain ability to walk by 18mths, considered a great achievement b/c it's the toddler gaining
independence (ability to run away)
States of Alertness
1) Deep sleep – 8-9 hrs; no activity except for occasional jerky movements
2) Light sleep – 8-9 hrs; rapid eye movements are observed, smooth movements in sleep, may have irregular
breathing; 50% of eo’s sleep is REM sleep vs 20% in adults
3) Drowsiness – 1.5-3 hrs; eyes may be open but with dull look, delayed response to stimulation
4) Alert inactivity – 2-3 hrs; eyes open and bright, attention focused on stimuli, activity level relatively low
5) Alert activity – 2-3 hrs; eyes open, activity level high, may show brief fussiness, reacts to stimulation with
increase in startles and motor activity
6) Crying – 1-3hrs; intense crying that is difficult to stop, high level of motor activity
• Neos do’t hae iadia hth estalished, thus the do’t sleep i the ight; the eah adult-
like cycle by 12 months
• Sleep is important for healing, memory consolidation, brain development, high-level cognitive functions,
regulation of emotions
• Time distribution of sleep states changes rapidly with age; babies with longer awake periods have shorter
REM periods during sleep
• Organization of sleep states reflects brain maturation; affected by tetragons
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) – sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an infant less than 1 yr
• Risk factors – position of sleeping, soft bedding, warmth, maternal smoking, bed sharing
• Physiological reason is not well understood – can be suffocating, can be not responding to waking
Newborn Reflexes
Reflexes: automatic and stereotyped response to a specific stimulus
• involuntary responses to external stimuli; believed to be rooted in evolution for survival
• Pesee o asee poides ifoatio aout the a’s ai ad eous sste
• permanent or temporary – disappearance of reflexes indicate development of more advanced brain fns
o i.e blink – permanent to protect eyes from strong stimuli
o i.e Moro Reflex – infant thrusts arms outward, opens hands, arches back and stretches legs as a
the as eae as a efle he thee’s a sudde soud of loss of head suppot; by 3 months
the moro reflex disappears (otherwise signs of brain damage or other concerns)
Congenitally Organized Behaviors: eal ehaios of eos that do’t euie speifi eteal stiulatio
and show more adaptability than simple reflexes
• looking – respond reflexively to light, as early as 8 months, eyes open in the dark actively searching
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chap 5 p 130-162; chap 6 p 191-204. Newborn 0-6wks; infant 6wks-18mnths; toddler 18mnts-3yrs; preschooler 3-5yrs; adolescent 12-18yrs: most children gain ability to walk by 18mths, considered a great achievement b/c it"s the toddler gaining independence (ability to run away) Sleep is important for healing, memory consolidation, brain development, high-level cognitive functions, regulation of emotions. Time distribution of sleep states changes rapidly with age; babies with longer awake periods have shorter. Rem periods during sleep: organization of sleep states reflects brain maturation; affected by tetragons. Sudden infant death syndrome (sids) sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an infant less than 1 yr: risk factors position of sleeping, soft bedding, warmth, maternal smoking, bed sharing. Physiological reason is not well understood can be suffocating, can be not responding to waking. Reflexes: automatic and stereotyped response to a specific stimulus involuntary responses to external stimuli; believed to be rooted in evolution for survival.
