PHS 4300 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Very Low-Density Lipoprotein, Glucokinase, Glycogen Synthase
16 Dec 2016
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Diabetes mellitus - part 1 insulin production and action. Absorptive & postabsorptive states: postprandial (absorptive) state: absorption of nutrients is occurring after meal time, postabsorptive (fasting) state: energy is supplied by breakdown of reserves when gi tract is empty. The pancreas is composed of: exocrine part composed of the acini secrete digestive juices in duodeum by special ducts, endocrine part composed of islets of langerhans (1-2 mill) secrete insulin, glucagon & other. Physiologic anatomy of an islet of langerhans in pancreas: Close interrelations of islets of langerhans allow cell-to-cell communication & direct control of secretion of some of the hormones by other hormones (not included) insulin synthesis: Orange amino acids = insulin released when c-peptide segment is cleaved. * w/ diabetes, c-peptide deficiency w/ elevated blood glucose levels reduce microvascular circulation & damage to nerves, kidneys, & retina. C-peptide replacement in type 1 diabetes prevent/slow progression long-term complication (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy)
