PHI 1101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Moral Relativism, Cultural Relativism, Alethic Modality
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Relativism about truth is the biggest philosophical obstacle to critical thinking. Ex. if someone believes the earth is hallow, then it"s true for that for that person. If someone believes lying is good, then it"s true for that person. Both relativisms were advocated in athens by the sophists (group of greek philosophers who were socrates main opponents) Relativism about truth is sometimes called alethic relativism. Sophist- a group of greek philosophers who have gone down in history as socrates" main opponents. Skepticism: the claim that knowledge is impossible; another philosophical barrier to critical thinking. This idea was advocated by sophist and was opposed by socrates. A group of itinerant teachers called sophists ( wise men ) were travelling state to state offering instruction in everything from mathematics, science, and poetry to wrestling, mythology, religion, music and philosophy. Sophist"s specialty was teaching rhetoric the art of persuasive speech, which included speaking public speaking, debate, and grammar.