ADM 3337 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Telecommuting, Life Insurance, Total Rewards

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8 Dec 2016

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Ho(cid:449) people are paid affe(cid:272)ts their (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iour at (cid:449)ork, (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h affe(cid:272)ts a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)izatio(cid:374)"s (cid:272)ha(cid:374)(cid:272)es of su(cid:272)(cid:272)ess. Compensation is a major part of total cost of running a business, and often is the single largest part of operating costs. A well-designed compensation system can help an organization achieve and sustain competitive advantage. A poorly-designed compensation system can play a major role in undermining organizational success. Nearly one in three women work in sales and service occupations, whereas men are likely to work in construction trades, transport, and equipment operation. Economists have identified a number of contributing factors to wage determination: Demographic characteristics marital status, having children living at home. Job characteristics industry, size of establishment, type of work. Differences in compensation between countries are listed as a cause of loss of canadian jobs to mexico, china, and u. s. Consumers see compensation as the cause of price increases, or lobby to insist on higher wages.

Related Questions

Summarize this article in your own words and cite references.

Winnie Mandela Male Sexual Health Clinic Celebrates its 10,000th Circumcision in 2012

Inspiring quotes about innovation and working together plaster the walls at the Winnie Mandela Male Sexual Health Clinic in Tembisa, South Africa, based in a township outside of Johannesburg. But the sentiment is far more than decorationâitâs the heart and brains that drives the clinic to become a model of success.

Using metal cargo containers as low-cost buildings for the clinic, developing the team strategically, creating mobilized outreach community programs, setting up HIV counseling and testing (HCT) as a first separate stage, creating an electronic-based system, and creating a diversity of counseling services are the cornerstones of their successes. âWe are always looking for innovation,â said Helen Kirsby-Green, Director of Operations. âWe are determined to constantly review and change to serve our patients and the community better.â The location for the medical male circumcision (MMC) clinic was carefully chosen near a primary care facility to serve a poor, dense population of 80,000 with squatter camps, people out of work, and a hub of people coming and going. Yet the area has important catchments to bring people in, like a library, schools, hospital, and taxi stands.

But if they had waited for people to come in, they wouldnât have celebrated serving their 10,000th circumcised client on October 26, 2012, after officially opening in little more than one year. They started at 20 clients per day and are now at 80.

MMC clinics are just one tool in the national plan to lower the rate of HIV in South Africa. Multiple studies have shown that circumcision reduces rates of HIV by 60%. But the clinic goes beyond just MMC. It is designed to be a hub of integrated care and counseling that achieves a greater health impact in the community.

Outreach teams are an essential key to success by educating and recruiting patients, generating community demand, and building trust in the community. The teams and their mobile vans reach out to workplaces, labor unions, public places like train stations, taxi stands, shopping malls, and schools. They even go door-to-door, reaching out to shacks in the surrounding squatter camps. In addition to recruiting men to undergo medical male circumcision â an evidence-based method of preventing HIV transmission -- these teams provide HIV counseling and testing and other health services.

The clinic is a smooth set of operations: incoming men are divided into âbuddyâ teams, supporting each other through each efficient step of being registered, counseled and tested for HIV, introduced to the procedure, undergoing health examination, and finally ending with the circumcision. This buddy system in a setting of quality and quantity creates a safe, trustworthy, and nurturing environment. No patient wanders or wonders where heâs to go, and theyâre never alone.

A separate parent-preadolescent program was developed for those younger than 15 years (studies show most adolescents are sexually active at age 15). The mother and child are kept together. Staff has learned that the parent doesnât brief the child beforehand, and that the child doesnât tell the mother about the 48-hr hygiene practices after MMC to ensure rapid healing. So both are instructed at the same time.

Finally each male going through the process is exposed to gender education. Aurum educates boys and men about masculinity and dispels gender stereotypes that are common in the area. The counselors work to build knowledgeable ambassadors in the community, since friends believe what friends say. Itâs an open forum, where older males can overhear the teenâs discussion and learn. Older men also receive messages on reducing multiple, concurrent sexual partners.

Aurum Research Institute launched the Winnie Mandela Male Sexual Health Clinic with funding from PEPFAR through CDC in March, 2012. In October 2012 Aurum circumcised their 10,000th patient, John John Tsietsi Nkuna, aged 40 years.

1. With regard to health care spending patterns, we can say that

A. Everybody demands the same basic level of health care

B. Health care spending varies dramatically according to governments willingness to pay for such services

C. Men demand much more medical care than women

D. The elderly need much less health care than adults do

E. Only a few people (less than 5 percent) consume more than half of all health care expenditures

2. Which of the following is the best example of a renewable resource?

A. Crude petroleum

B. The ozone layer in the atmosphere

C. Library book

D. Minerals

E. Trees

3. All of the following are reasons for health care expenditures in the U.S. Rising EXCEPT

A. The government (FDA) restricts entry of drugs to the U.S. Marketplace

B. The demand for health care has risen

C. The federal government has had such a small role in health care

D. The supply of physicians is restricted by the American medical association

E. Health insurance is regulated on a state by state basis so someone cannot buy a less expensive policy from an insurer in another state

4. Free market economists argue that

A. Markets will not adjust to a demand shock without government intervention

B. Markets will adjust to a demand shock without government intervention

C. Central planners are best equipped to handle external shocks and get the economy back on track

D. It would take the government too long to intervene and get the economy back on track

E. Government intervention is necessary to get the economy back on track

5. True or false? The health care restrictions and regulations prevent the entry and exit of firms and prevent the effect of competition on prices.

6. True or false? In a market system, those who own the most highly valued resources have the highest incomes.

7. True or false? Since consumers do not have to choose whether to use their own money for health care or for something else, the role of price as an allocation mechanism does not work in health care.

8. Health economics is important to study for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A. Spending on health care in the U.S. exceeds $2 trillion

B. The elderly are the smallest users of health care, and the young are the major users

C. Only 1% of the population account for almost 30% of total health care expenditures

D. Health care expenditures have risen from 5.9% of GDP in 1965 to over 16% of GDP today

E. None - all of these are true

9. An illegal drug dealer will maximize profit by providing and selling the number of drugs where

A. Private costs equal social costs

B. The greatest number of consumers can be derived

C. The price is maximized

D. Private property rights are best defined

E. Marginal revenue equals marginal cost

sangriagrasshopper438

Case Study

Skolnikland is in Eastern Africa, with a population of 30 million people. The country has a plains region, a hill region, and a region with high mountains. It has a number of ecosystems. The plains are dry for much of the year, there is some rainforest, and the rest of the country includes both hills and mountains. There are two seasons of heavy rainfall.

The citizens come from several ethnic groups that tend to live in their own regions and speak different languages. The ethnic groups largely follow one of three different religions. The large cities are mixed ethnically. One ethnic group is economically and socially very dominant. The people from this group live in the capital and most of the large cities. The national language is the language of this dominant ethnic group.

According to World Bank criteria, Skolnikland is among the poorest countries in the world. The economy has been growing at about 4% per year on average over the last decade, but the economy had very slow economic growth in the decades prior to that. The richest 10% of the population controls 80% of the national income.

About 80% of the people live in rural areas and 20% in urban areas. The number of people living in urban areas has been growing recently at an increasing pace. Most people earn their livelihood in agriculture but there is an increasing garment manufacturing industry in the two largest cities. There are also a number of mining industries. In addition, other export industries are beginning to grow, mostly focused on the export of commodities to China.

The total fertility rate is about 4.5 but it has been declining slowly over the last two decades, from over 6. There is an almost equal number of men and women in the population. Infant mortality is about 90 per 1,000 live births. Maternal mortality is about 500 per 100,000 live births. Thirty-five percent of the children are underweight for age.

The adult literacy rate is about 40%. The educational enrollment rate, especially for girls at the primary and secondary levels, has been growing slowly, but steadily. Most recently, this rate has been growing at an increasing pace and about 75% of the girls now attend school regularly, although many of them are of very low quality.

Only about 50% of citizens have access to safe water. Only about 30% have access to sanitary disposal of human waste.

HIV prevalence is 7% of the adult population. The number of new HIV cases annually has begun to plateau. About half of the people eligible for treatment for HIV are on treatment. Malaria is rampant in the plains.

Investments in the road system have been growing at a solid pace in the last decade and the use of private automobiles has begun recently to increase more rapidly.

Skolnikland has a pluralistic health system that is made up of public and private institutions, publicly financed providers, licensed private providers, unlicensed medical practitioners, and traditional healers. There is no health insurance, except for some free services for the poor in the few publicly financed hospitals, which the better off people do not attend. The health system is not very effective or efficient and is generally of low quality. The HIV, TB, and malaria programs are not effective or efficient and they are just beginning to adopt paradigms for services that follow global best practices.

QUESTION 26

What is a DALY?