PSYC 320 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Amygdala, Twin Study, Heredity
Document Summary
Chapter 3 the nature and nurture of sex and gender. Intersex: individuals for whom the biological components of sex (chromosomes, hormones, genitals, and internal and external sex organs) do not consistently fit either the typical male pattern or the typical female pattern. Sex verification testing: physical examination -> sex chromosomes -> testosterone levels. Genes: basic units of heredity passed down from parents to offspring, consisting of specific sequences of dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) that carry instructions for the offspring"s characteristics. Gene-by-environment interaction: when a genetic effect on a trait or behaviour emerges only under certain environmental circumstances or when the environmental effect on a trait or behaviour depends on a person"s genetic makeup: passive gene-by-environment interactions. Parents create certain rearing environments that cannot be separated from their own genetic makeup: evocative interactions. Individual"s genetic tendency evokes specific treatment from others, such as a boy with an active temperament who elicits rough-and-tumble play from his parents and peers: active interactions.
