PSYC 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Woen, Stereotype Threat, Confirmation Bias
→ Flynn effect:
o finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three
points per decade,
o What environmental influences be?
▪ Increased test sophistication
▪ Increased complexity of the modern world
▪ Better nutrient
▪ Changes at home and school
GROUP DIFFERENCES IN IQ
→ Sex differences:
o Men are more variable in their overall IQ scores
o Although e do’t appear to hae higher aerage IQs tha oe, there
are more men at both the low and high ends of the IQ bell
o Women tend to do better than men on some verbal tasks – like spelling,
writing and prpnouncing words
o On average, females also do better than males in arithmetic alculation like
adding or subtracting numbers, this difference is only present in childhood
o Females tend to be better than males in detecting and recognizing feelings
inothers, especially when they reach adulthood
o Men tend to do better than woen on tasks requiring spatial ability
o Men tend to do better in geography
o Men tend to do better on mathematics tasks that ibvolve complicated
reasoning, like deriving proofs in geometry
o Differet does’t eerge util adolesee
o Maybe hormonal changes???
→ Racial differences:
o On average, African americans and Hispanic americans score lower than
Caucasians on standard IQ tests and Asian amaericans score higher than
Caucasians
o Differet raes are’t superior this lies outside the oudaries of siee
ad a’t e asered y data
▪ Scientists can determine only the origins of racial differences –
aely hether they’re geeti, environmental or both
▪ IQ differences among races may be narrowing over recent decades
▪ Variability within any given race tends to be considerably larger than
the variability between races
o We can easily imagine that different races begin life with no average genetic
differences in IQ
o But over time, the cumulative effects of factors such as social deprivation
and prejudice may produce a notable difference in IQ between racial groups
o Within group heritability: extend to which the variability of a trait within a
group is genetically influenced
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PSYC 102 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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