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BIOL 200 Chapter 6: BIOL 200 ONLINE NOTES CH6.1

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mauvebeaver243
17 Apr 2017
School
UBC
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 200
Professor
Robin Young

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Document Summary

Topic 6. 1 - overview of cytoskeleton; intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton is the sum total of all elements that provide shape and support for the cell. These fibers are also intimately associated with the systems that enable the cell to move. If no cytoskeleton were present, surface tension forces would push the cell into a minimum area surface - sphere. There are three major types of cytoskeletal elements: Systems that provide "tracks" for motor proteins. The motile systems themselves that are based on motor proteins. The skeletal elements are comprised of one or another of the three different types of fibers: These supportive fibers provide for mechanical reinforcement of tissues. These macromolecular assemblies are involved mainly in the movement and positioning of cell organelles. These filaments are purely skeletal in nature, and are not associated with any sort of motor protein: microtubules - rigid protein tubules.

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Related Questions

1. Prokaryotic cells are able to evolve very fast, which helps them to rapidly adapt to new food sources and develop resistance to antibiotics. Which of the options below lists the three main characteristics that support the rapid evolution of prokaryotic populations?

no organelles, cell wall, can exchange DNA

large population, rapid growth, can exchange DNA

aerobic, motile, rapid growth

microscopic, motile, anaerobic

2.

The cytoskeleton provides support, structure, motility, and organization, and it forms tracks to direct organelle and vesicle transport. Which of the cytoskeletal elements listed below is the thickest?

none of the above (all the same thickness)
intermediate filaments
microtubules
actin filaments

3.

What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical plant or animal cell?

millimeters
nanometers
centimeters

micrometers

4.

Which of the following are examples of isomers?

adenine and guanine
glycogen and cellulose
alanine and glycine

glucose and galactose

5.

Which of the following factors do not influence the length of a covalent bond?

the attractive forces between negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei
the tendency of atoms to fill the outer electron shells
the repulsive forces between the positively charged nuclei

the minimization of repulsive forces between the two nuclei by the cloud of shared electrons

6.

You wish to explore how mutations in specific genes affecting sugar metabolism might alter tooth development. Which organism is likely to provide the best model system for your studies.

E. coli
mice
horses
Arabidopsis

Question 1

Light microscopes

A.

typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope

B.

work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied

C.

use light and glass lenses to magnify an image

Question 2

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

A.

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane

B.

are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane

C.

are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water

Question 3

The nucleus of a cell

A.

is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.

B.

contains DNA

C.

is the primary location of protein synthesis

Question 4

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

A.

endoplasmic reticulum

B

plasma membrane

C.

Cytoplasm

Question 5

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

A.

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell

B.

mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell

C.

hydrogen peroxide

Question 6

The Golgi apparatus

A.

is the site of glucose breakdown

B.

stores, modifies, and packages proteins

C.

strings together amino acids to produce proteins

Question 7

The function of mitochondria is

A. cellular respiration

B. photosynthesis

C. lipid synthesis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

A. The cytoskeleton helps to support cell

B. Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place

C.

The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

Hello everyone, i'm working on thesepractices multiple choices for my finals. If you know any of theseanswer, please help. i appreciate your time and your help. Thankyou!!!

1. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

(a) The cytoskeletonis made up of three types of protein filament.

(b) The bacterialcytoskeleton is important for cell division and DNAsegregation.

(c) Protein monomersthat are held together with covalent bonds form cytoskeletalfilaments.

(d) The cytoskeleton of acell can change in response to the environment.

2. ___ Which of thestatements below about intermediate filaments is false?

(a) They can stayintact in cells treated with concentrated salt solutions.

(b) They can befound in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

(c) They can beanchored to the plasma membrane at cell-cell junction.

(d) Each filament is about10 ?m in diameter.

3. ___ Keratins,neurofilaments, and vimentins are all categories of intermediatefilaments. Which of the following properties below is nottrue of these types of intermediate filaments?

(a) They strengthencells against mechanical stress.

(b) Dimers associateby noncovalent bonding to form a tetramer.

(c) They are foundin the cytoplasm.

(d) Phosphorylation causesdisassembly during every mitotic cycle.

4. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about microtubules is true?

(a) Motor proteinsmove in a directional fashion along microtubules by using theinherent structural polarity of a protofilament.

(b) The centromerenucleates the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.

(c) Becausemicrotubules are subject to dynamic instability, they are used onlyfor transient structures in a cell.

(d) ATP hydrolysis by atubulin heterodimer is important for controlling the growth of amicrotubule.

5. ___ Thehydrolysis of GTP to GDP carried out by tubulin molecules________________.

(a) provides theenergy needed for tubulin to polymerize

(b) occurs becausethe pool of free GDP has run out

(c) tips the balancein favor of microtubule assembly

(d) allows the behavior ofmicrotubules called dynamic instability

6. ___ The microtubulesin a cell form a structural framework that can have all thefollowing functions except which of the following?

(a) holding internalorganelles such as the Golgi apparatus in particular positions inthe cell

(b) creating longthin cytoplasmic extensions that protrude from one side of thecell

(c) strengtheningthe plasma membrane

(d) moving materials fromone place to another inside a cell

7. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about organellar movement in the cell isfalse?

(a) Organellesundergo saltatory movement in the cell.

(b) Only themicrotubule cytoskeleton is involved in organellar movement.

(c) Motor proteinsinvolved in organellar movement use ATP hydrolysis for energy.

(d) Organelles areattached to the tail domain of motor proteins.

8. ___ Which of thefollowing statements is correct?

Kinesins and dyneins____________________.

(a) have tails thatbind to the filaments

(b) move along bothmicrotubules and actin filaments

(c) often move inopposite directions to each other

(d) derive their energyfrom GTP hydrolysis

9. ___ Cell movementinvolves the coordination of many events in the cell. Which of thefollowing phenomena are not required for cell motility?

(a) Myosin-mediatedcontraction at the rear of the moving cell.

(b) Integrinassociation with the extracellular environment.

(c) Nucleation ofnew actin filaments.

(d) Release ofCa2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

10. ___Which of the followingstructures shorten during muscle contraction?

(a) myosinfilaments

(b) flagella

(c) sarcomeres

(d) actin filaments

7. ___ Referring to Figure Q16-29,which of the following statements below is false?

(a) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to adecrease in the amount of unphosphorylated phosphorylasekinase.

(b) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would notincrease the affinity of adrenaline for the adrenergicreceptor.

(c) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to anexcess in the amount of glucose available.

(d) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to anexcess in the amount of glycogen available.

8. ___ Match the targetof the G protein with the appropriate signaling outcome.

adenylyl cyclase________ A. cleavageof inositol phospholipids

ion channels_________ B.increase in cAMP levels

phospholipase C_________ C. changes in membranepotential