BIOL 121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12.1-12.2: Sister Chromatids, Homologous Chromosome, Synaptonemal Complex
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BIOL 121 Full Course Notes
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Meiosis: nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number. X chromosome - sex chromosome: female: xx, male: xy. Same size and shape - homologous: homologous chromosomes carry the same genes, versions of a gene found on homologs may differ. Alleles: different versions of the same gene. Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes, but each homolog may contain different alleles. Karyotype: number and types of chromosomes present. Polyploid: more than 2 of each chromosome. N = haploid number = number of chromosomes: each cell in an animal has 2n the number of chromosomes (2 of each chromosome) X = basic number = number of distinct types of chromosomes: e. g. Before: cells replicate each of their chromosomes. Meiosis i: homologs in parent cell separate from each other and goes to the daughter cells: end result: The diploid (2n) parent cell produces 2 haploid (n) daughter cells, each with 2 sister chromatids/ 1 chromosome.