BIOL 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Start Codon, Transfer Rna, Reading Frame

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30 Nov 2016

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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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Translation synthesis of a polypeptide chain corresponding to the coding sequence present in a molecule of mrna the sequence of bases in mrna is used to specify the order in which successive amino acids are added. Components needed for translation: ribosomes the complex structures of rna and protein. Consists of two major components: the small ribosomal unit (reads the rna) and the large subunit (joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain) Bind with mrna site of translation (proteins are synthesized) Bound to the cytosolic face for the rer in the cytoplasm. Large subunit includes three binding sites for trna: a (aminoacyl) site, p (peptidyl) site, e (exit) site. Major role of the ribosome to ensure that, when the mrna is in place on the ribosome, the sequence in the mrna coding for amino acids is read in successive, non-overlapping groups of three nucleotides.

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Facts about ribosomes

Indicate whether each of the following statements aboutribosomes is true or false.

1. Ribosomes are composed of tRNA and protein. TrueFalse
2. During translation in eukaryotes, some ribosomes remain free inthe cytoplasm while others attach to protein channels embedded inthe RER. TrueFalse
3. During initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunitjoins to the mRNA and initiator rRNA, followed by the largeribosomal subunit. TrueFalse
4. When a ribosome first assembles on the mRNA, the initiator tRNAoccupies the A site while the P and E sites are empty.TrueFalse
5. During translation, a charged tRNA first binds to the ribosomeif its anticodon matches the codon in the E site. TrueFalse
6. A peptide bond forms between the amino acid attached to a tRNAin the A site and the growing polypeptide attached to a tRNA in theP site. TrueFalse
7. Uncharged tRNA molecules in the E site are ejected from theribosome. TrueFalse
8. No more than 2 tRNA molecules are bound to a ribosome at anygiven time. TrueFalse
9. During translocation of the ribosome, tRNA molecules move fromthe P site, to the A site, to the E site, and are then ejected fromthe ribosome. TrueFalse
10. During translation, an amino acid attached to a tRNA in the Asite is transferred to a growing polypeptide attached to a tRNA inthe P site. TrueFalse

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Facts about ribosomes

carmineraccoon103

Gene expression is a multi-step process. Place these events in the correct order.

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charged tRNA molecules read the next codon, entering the A site of the ribosome.

Translocation of the mRNA to the cytoplasm.

Recruitment of RNA polymerase.

tRNA(Met) binds to the start codon AUG in the P site of the ribosome.

Assembly of small and large ribosome subunits on the mRNA.

Processing of the primary RNA molecule.

Release factors recognize the stop codon, signaling the release of the protein, mRNA and ribosome subunits.

Synthesis of primary RNA molecule, a direct copy of the DNA template.

Recognition of the mRNA by the small ribosome subunit .

Peptidyl transferase, transfers the amino acid of the incoming tRNA to the growing peptide chain.

Binding of transcription factors to the promoter.

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BIOL 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Start Codon, Transfer Rna, Reading Frame

BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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