PSYCH261 Chapter 12: Module 12.1 Learning, Memory, and Amnesia (1/3)

• School: University of Waterloo
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYCH261
• Professor: Daniel Smilek

Document Summary

Classical conditioning: pairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them. The experimenter starts by presenting a conditioned stimulus (cs), which initially elicits no response of note. Then, presents the unconditioned stimulus (ucs), which automatically elicits the unconditioned response (ucr) After some pairings of the cs and the ucs, the individual begins making a new, learned response to the cs, called a conditioned response (cr) In his original experiments, pavlov presented a dog with a sound (cs) followed by meat (ucs), which stimulated the dog to salivate (ucr) After many such pairings, the sound alone (cs) stimulated the dog to salivate (cr) In that case and many others, the cr resembles the ucr, but in some cases, it does not. Instrumental conditioning (cid:894)a. k. a. opera(cid:374)t (cid:272)o(cid:374)ditio(cid:374)i(cid:374)g(cid:895): a(cid:374) i(cid:374)dividual"s respo(cid:374)se leads to a reinforce of punishment. A reinforce is any event that increases the future probability of the response. A punishment is an event that suppresses the frequency of the response.