PSYCH253 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8-12: Egotism, Psych, Social Dominance Orientation
19 Oct 2015
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Altruism: motive to increase another"s welfare without conscious regard for one"s self-interests. Social exchange theory: human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one"s rewards and minimize one"s costs. Egoism: motive (supposedly underlying all behaviour) to increase your own welfare. The opposite of altruism, which aims to increase someone else"s welfare. Reciprocity norm: an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. Social-responsibility norm: an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. Kin selection: the idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one"s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes. Empathy: the vicarious experience of someone else"s feeling; putting yourself in someone else"s shoes. Bystander effect: the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders. Moral exclusion: the perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which you apply moral values and rules of fairness.
