BIOL359 Chapter Notes -Sexual Reproduction, Parthenogenesis, Trematoda
11 Jan 2015
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Sexual reproduction is costly, competitive and dangerous. Searching for a mate takes time and energy. Parthenogenesis = offspring develop from unfertilized eggs (asexual repro) Obligate parthenogenesis = entire species consist of females only, reproducing clones of themselves. Cyclical parthenogenesis = sexual repro occurs as males are produced certain times of the year. Asexual females = only female offspring = produce 2 times as many grandchildren as sexual females. Which means asexual females constitute to a larger fraction of population every generation. Asexual disadvantage = cannot evolve by selection or competition, they are genetically identical to past generation = less chances of survival. Descendents of sexually reproducing populations = higher fitness = due to genetic recombination. In a population genetic analysis, sex only reduces linkage disequilibrium. Model must include a mechanism that eliminates particular multilocus genotypes or produces an excess of others, creating linkage disequil.
