BIOL273 Chapter Notes -T Helper Cell, Pattern Recognition Receptor, Apoptosis
10 Dec 2013
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Document Summary
Aerobic metabolism in cells depends on a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients from the environment, coupled with the removal of carbon dioxide. Most multi-celled animals require specialized respiratory organs associated with a circulatory system. Exchange surface must be thin and moist to allow gas exchange from air into solution but also must be protected from drying out. Four primary functions of the respiratory system: exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood, homeostatic regulation of body ph, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances, vocalization. Bulk air flow- the exchange of air between environment and interior space of lungs. External respiration can be divided into 4 processes: the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, aka ventilation. Expiration/exhalation = movement of air out of lungs: the exchange of o2 and co2 between lungs and blood, transport of o2 and co2 by the blood, exchange of gases between blood and cells.
