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AFM273 Chapter 9: Chapter 9 - AFM 273.docx

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coffeezebra978
17 Feb 2015
School
University of Waterloo
Department
Accounting & Financial Management
Course
AFM273
Professor
Garvin Blair

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Document Summary

+ div2 (1+ )2 + + divn (1+ ) n + pn (1+ )n: this is the dividend discount model. Dividend payout rate: assuming number of shares outstanding is constant, firms can do three things to increase its dividend, increase earnings (net income, increase dividend payout rate, decrease shares outstanding, firm can do one of two things with earnings, pay them out to investors, retain and reinvest them, change in earnings = new investment x return on new investment, new investment = earnings x retention rate, retention rate is the fraction of current earnings that the firm retains, earnings growth rate = change in earnings / earnings = retention rate x return on new investment g = retention rate x return on new investment, if firm keeps retention rate constant, then growth rate in dividends will equal growth rate of earnings.

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Related Questions

I Just have no idea where to start with this problem. Can someone just give me a run down or more?

Assume that it is now January 1, 2015. Wayne-Martin Electric
Inc. (WME) has developed a solar panel capable of generating 200% more electricity than
any other solar panel currently on the market. As a result, WME is expected to experience a
15% annual growth rate for the next 5 years. Other firms will have developed comparable
technology at the end of 5 years, and WME’s growth rate will slow to 5% per year
indefinitely. Stockholders require a return of 12% on WME’s stock. The most recent annual
dividend D0 , which was paid yesterday, was $1 75 per share.
a. Calculate WME’s expected dividends for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019.
b. Calculate the value of the stock today, Proceed by finding the present value of the
dividends expected at the end of 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 plus the present
value of the stock price that should exist at the end of 2019. The year-end 2019 stock
price can be found by using the constant growth equation. Notice that to find
the December 31, 2019, price, you must use the dividend expected in 2020, which is
5% greater than the 2019 dividend.

c. Calculate the expected dividend yield (D1/P0) , capital gains yield, and total return
(dividend yield plus capital gains yield) expected for 2015. (Assume that P0 = P0 and
recognize that the capital gains yield is equal to the total return minus the dividend
yield.) Then calculate these same three yields for 2020.

d. How might an investor’s tax situation affect his or her decision to purchase stocks of
companies in the early stages of their lives, when they are growing rapidly, versus
stocks of older, more mature firms? When does WME’s stock become“mature”for
purposes of this question?


e. Suppose your boss tells you she believes that WME’s annual growth rate will be only
12% during the next 5 years and that the firm’s long-run growth rate will be only 4%.
Without doing any calculations, what general effect would these growth rate changes
have on the price of WME’s stock?

f. Suppose your boss also tells you that she regards WME as being quite risky and that
she believes the required rate of return should be 14%, not 12%. Without doing any
calculations, determine how the higher required rate of return would affect the price of
the stock, the capital gains yield, and the dividend yield. Again, assume that the longrun growth rate is 4%

Conroy Consulting Corporation (CCC) has been growing at a rate of 14% per year in recent years. This same non-constant growth rate is expected to last for another 2 years (g0,1 = g1,2 = 14%). If D0= $1.70, rs= 9% and gL = 6%, then what is CCC's stock worth today? Round your answer to the nearest cent. Do not round your intermediate computations. $ What is its expected dividend yield at this time? Round the answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate computations. % What is its capital gains yields at this time? Round the answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate computations. % Now assume that CCC's period of supernormal growth is to last another 5 years rather than 2 years (g0,1 = g1,2 = g2,3 = g3,4 = g4,5 = 14%). How would this affect its price, dividend yield, and capital gains yield? I.Due to the longer period of supernormal growth, the value of the stock will be lower for each year. Although the total return will remain the same, the distribution between dividend yield and capital gains yield will differ for the duration of the supernormal growth period. II.Due to the longer period of supernormal growth, the value of the stock will be higher for each year. The total return as well as the distribution between dividend yield and capital gains yield will differ for the duration of the supernormal growth period. III.Due to the longer period of supernormal growth, the value of the stock will be higher for each year. The total return as well as the distribution between dividend yield and capital gains yield will remain the same for the duration of the supernormal growth period. IV.Due to the longer period of supernormal growth, the value of the stock will be lower for each year. The total return as well as the distribution between dividend yield and capital gains yield will differ for the duration of the supernormal growth period. V.Due to the longer period of supernormal growth, the value of the stock will be higher for each year. Although the total return will remain the same, the distribution between dividend yield and capital gains yield will differ for the duration of the supernormal growth period. What will CCC's dividend yield and capital gains yield be once its period of supernormal growth ends? (Hint: These values will be the same regardless of whether you examine the case of 2 or 5 years of supernormal growth, and the calculations are very easy.) Round the answers to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate computations. Dividend yield % Capital gains yield % Of what interest to investors is the relationship over time between dividend yield and capital gains yield? I.It is of no interest to investors whether they receive dividend income or capital gains income, since both types of income are always taxed at the same rate. II.It is of no interest to investors whether they receive dividend income or capital gains income, since taxes on both types of income must be paid in the current year. III.It is of no interest to investors whether they receive dividend income or capital gains income, since taxes on both types of income can be delayed until the stock is sold. IV.Some investors need cash dividends, while others would prefer growth. Also, investors must pay taxes each year on the dividends received during the year, while taxes on the capital gain can be delayed until the gain is actually realized. V.Some investors need cash dividends, while others would prefer growth. Also, investors must pay taxes each year on the capital gain during the year, while taxes on the dividends can be delayed until the stock is sold.

1. Which of the following is true?
The corporation model can be used to value divisions and firms that do not pay dividends.
The discounted dividend model can be used to value divisions and firms that do not pay dividends.
For the discounted dividend model, a firm's weighted average cost of capital is used as the discount rate.
For the corporate valuation model, a firm's cost of equity is used as the discount rate.
Question 2.2. Which of the following is false?
For the constant growth model to hold, a firm's cost of equity needs to be smaller than its constant dividend growth rate (i.e., rs < g).
For the constant growth model to hold, a firm's cost of equity needs to be greater than its constant dividend growth rate (i.e., rs > g).
From the constant growth model, if the constant dividend growth rate is equal to zero, a firm's share price is equal to the constant dividend divided by the cost of equity (i.e., g=0).
If a company's constant dividend growth rate is negative, the formula for the constant growth model cannot be applied.
Question 3.3. From the discussion of a firm's capital budgeting problem in chapter 11, which of the following is false? (Points : 3.5)
The net present value method (NPV) assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
The internal rate of return method (IRR) assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the internal rate of return.
The modified internal rate of return method (MIRR) assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the weighted average cost of cpaital.
For mutually exclusive projects, if there is a conflict between NPV and IRR, the project with the highest IRR is chosen.
The IRR is independent of a firm's weighted average cost of capital.
Question 4.4. Which of the following is true? (
As a firm's dividend payout ratio increases, the firm's WACC decreases.
The WACC only represents the "hurdle rate" for a typical project with average risk. Therefore, the project's WACC should be adjusted to reflect the project's risk.
Firms with riskier projects generally have a lower WACC.
Holding all else constant, an increase in the target debt ratio tends to lower the WACC.
Question 5.5. Which of the following is false?
If interest rates rise, the price of the bond will rise and its YTM (yield to maturity) will fall.
Short-term bond prices are less sensitive than long-term bond prices to interest rate changes.
Companies are not likely to call bonds unless interest rates have declined significantly. Thus, the call provision is valuable to firms but detrimental to long term investors.
On balance, bonds that have a sinking fund are regarded as being safer than those without such a provision.
Question 6.6. Which of the following is not true? (Points : 3.5)
According to SML (security market line), the risk premium on a high-beta stock would increase more than that on a low-beta stock.
If beta < 1.0, the security is less risky than average.
According to the Security Market Line (SML), in general, a company’s expected return will double when its beta doubles.
According to the Security Market Line (SML), if a portfolio of real world stocks has a beta of zero, the required rate of return for the portfolio is equal to the risk-free rate.
Question 7.7. P&G Industries bonds have a maturity of 15 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 8% semiannual coupon, are callable in 10 years at $1,125, and currently sell at a price of $1,105. What is their nominal annual yield to call?
6.87%.
7.37%.
11.05%.
8.32%.
Question 8.8. Which of the following is not the flaw (weakness) of the discounted payback method? (Points : 3.5)
It does not tells us by how much the project should increase shareholder wealth, or by how much a project yields over the cost of capital; it merely tells us when we recover our investment.
It ignores cash flows occurring after the payback period.
It ignores the time value of money, that is, dollars received in different years are all given the same weight.
Question 9.9. Jermey Lin has $52,500 invested a stock with a beta of 0.80 and another $47,500 invested in a stock with a beta of 3.2. If these are the only two investments in his portfolio, what is his portfolio's beta?
1.56.
1.82.
2.00.
1.94
Question 10.10. According to CAPM, if the required rate of the return of Stock A obtained from the security market line (SML) is less than the expected rate of the return of stock A from the capital market transaction, then stock A is
fairly priced.
undervalued.
overvalued.
Question 11.11. Determine the yield-to-call (to nearest 0.1 of a percent) of an LTV bond with a 12 percent coupon, that pays interest annually. The bond can be called in 5 years, has a call premium of $114, and is currently selling for $912.50. The bond has a face value of $1,000.
14.58%.
13.92%.
16.34%.
12.17%.
Question 12.12. Project M costs $1,000, its expected cash inflows are $500 per year for 3 years, and its WACC is 11%. What is the project's NPV? (Points : 3.5)
$259.57.
$221.86.
$195.23.
$257.35.
Question 13.13. Project J costs $1,025, its expected cash inflows are $425 per year for 3 years, and its WACC is 10%. What is the project's IRR?
12.58%.
10.82%.
11.76%.
9.64%.
Question 14.14. Project X costs $6,750, its expected cash inflows are $1250 per year for 10 years, and its WACC is 10%. What is the project's payback?(Note, the regular payback is asked in this question, not the discounted payback.) (Points : 3.5)
5.40 years.
10 years.
4.58 years.
6.12 years.
Question 15.15. Project S costs $800, its expected cash inflows are $350 per year for 3 years, and its WACC is 7%. What is the project's MIRR?
13.97%.
12.04%.
14.93%.
9.15%.
Question 16.16. Project Y costs $650, its expected cash inflows are $500 per year for 5 years, and its WACC is 10%. What is the project's discounted payback?
1.47 years.
1.24 years.
1.62 years.
1.15 years.
1. Which of the following is true?
The corporation model can be used to value divisions and firms that do not pay dividends.
The discounted dividend model can be used to value divisions and firms that do not pay dividends.
For the discounted dividend model, a firm's weighted average cost of capital is used as the discount rate.
For the corporate valuation model, a firm's cost of equity is used as the discount rate.
Question 2.2. Which of the following is false?
For the constant growth model to hold, a firm's cost of equity needs to be smaller than its constant dividend growth rate (i.e., rs < g).
For the constant growth model to hold, a firm's cost of equity needs to be greater than its constant dividend growth rate (i.e., rs > g).
From the constant growth model, if the constant dividend growth rate is equal to zero, a firm's share price is equal to the constant dividend divided by the cost of equity (i.e., g=0).
If a company's constant dividend growth rate is negative, the formula for the constant growth model cannot be applied.
Question 3.3. From the discussion of a firm's capital budgeting problem in chapter 11, which of the following is false?
The net present value method (NPV) assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
The internal rate of return method (IRR) assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the internal rate of return.
The modified internal rate of return method (MIRR) assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the weighted average cost of cpaital.
For mutually exclusive projects, if there is a conflict between NPV and IRR, the project with the highest IRR is chosen.
The IRR is independent of a firm's weighted average cost of capital.
Question 4.4. Which of the following is true? (Points : 3.5)
As a firm's dividend payout ratio increases, the firm's WACC decreases.
The WACC only represents the "hurdle rate" for a typical project with average risk. Therefore, the project's WACC should be adjusted to reflect the project's risk.
Firms with riskier projects generally have a lower WACC.
Holding all else constant, an increase in the target debt ratio tends to lower the WACC.
Question 5.5. Which of the following is false? (Points : 3.5)
If interest rates rise, the price of the bond will rise and its YTM (yield to maturity) will fall.
Short-term bond prices are less sensitive than long-term bond prices to interest rate changes.
Companies are not likely to call bonds unless interest rates have declined significantly. Thus, the call provision is valuable to firms but detrimental to long term investors.
On balance, bonds that have a sinking fund are regarded as being safer than those without such a provision.
Question 6.6. Which of the following is not true? (Points : 3.5)
According to SML (security market line), the risk premium on a high-beta stock would increase more than that on a low-beta stock.
If beta < 1.0, the security is less risky than average.
According to the Security Market Line (SML), in general, a company’s expected return will double when its beta doubles.
According to the Security Market Line (SML), if a portfolio of real world stocks has a beta of zero, the required rate of return for the portfolio is equal to the risk-free rate.
Question 7.7. P&G Industries bonds have a maturity of 15 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 8% semiannual coupon, are callable in 10 years at $1,125, and currently sell at a price of $1,105. What is their nominal annual yield to call? (Points : 3.5)
6.87%.
7.37%.
11.05%.
8.32%.
Question 8.8. Which of the following is not the flaw (weakness) of the discounted payback method? (Points : 3.5)
It does not tells us by how much the project should increase shareholder wealth, or by how much a project yields over the cost of capital; it merely tells us when we recover our investment.
It ignores cash flows occurring after the payback period.
It ignores the time value of money, that is, dollars received in different years are all given the same weight.
Question 9.9. Jermey Lin has $52,500 invested a stock with a beta of 0.80 and another $47,500 invested in a stock with a beta of 3.2. If these are the only two investments in his portfolio, what is his portfolio's beta? (Points : 3.5)
1.56.
1.82.
2.00.
1.94
Question 10.10. According to CAPM, if the required rate of the return of Stock A obtained from the security market line (SML) is less than the expected rate of the return of stock A from the capital market transaction, then stock A is (
fairly priced.
undervalued.
overvalued.
Question 11.11. Determine the yield-to-call (to nearest 0.1 of a percent) of an LTV bond with a 12 percent coupon, that pays interest annually. The bond can be called in 5 years, has a call premium of $114, and is currently selling for $912.50. The bond has a face value of $1,000. (Points : 3.5)
14.58%.
13.92%.
16.34%.
12.17%.
Question 12.12. Project M costs $1,000, its expected cash inflows are $500 per year for 3 years, and its WACC is 11%. What is the project's NPV?
$259.57.
$221.86.
$195.23.
$257.35.
Question 13.13. Project J costs $1,025, its expected cash inflows are $425 per year for 3 years, and its WACC is 10%. What is the project's IRR? (
12.58%.
10.82%.
11.76%.
9.64%.
Question 14.14. Project X costs $6,750, its expected cash inflows are $1250 per year for 10 years, and its WACC is 10%. What is the project's payback?(Note, the regular payback is asked in this question, not the discounted payback.) (Points : 3.5)
5.40 years.
10 years.
4.58 years.
6.12 years.
Question 15.15. Project S costs $800, its expected cash inflows are $350 per year for 3 years, and its WACC is 7%. What is the project's MIRR? (
13.97%.
12.04%.
14.93%.
9.15%.
Question 16.16. Project Y costs $650, its expected cash inflows are $500 per year for 5 years, and its WACC is 10%. What is the project's discounted payback?
1.47 years.
1.24 years.
1.62 years.
1.15 years.