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AFM121 Chapter 10: Chapter 10

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lemonbeetle804
16 Jun 2018
School
University of Waterloo
Department
Accounting & Financial Management
Course
AFM121
Professor
Steve Balaban

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Chapter 10
Options: Contracts that provide the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell
a certain quantity of some underlying asset at a predetermined price for a
predetermined period of time. The seller of the contract is obligated to buy or sell if
called upon to do so.
Call options: The right to buy at a certain price.
Puts: The right to sell at a certain price.
Forwards: Contracts that obligate both parties to exchange a certain quantity of an
underlying asset at a specified future point in time at a predetermined price.
European Style: Options that can be exercised only at the expiry date.
American Style: Options that can be exercised up to and including the expiry date.
Call options are said to be in the money when the price of the underlying security is
greater than the strike price.
In the money in the unrealized gain side, out of money in the unrealized loss side.
Intrinsic Value: The amount an option is in the money or out of the money.
Call: IV = Max (P – S, 0)
Put: IV = Max(S – P, 0)
Where P = share price and S = exercise price
Time Value of An Option: The difference between the option premium and the intrinsic
value. Time Value = Option Price – Intrinsic Value.
Futures: Future contracts are legal contracts to deliver or take delivery of a specified
quantity and quality of a specified asset at specified future time period at a
predetermined price. There is no option, if conditions are met the contract must be
carried forth.
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Document Summary

Options: contracts that provide the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a certain quantity of some underlying asset at a predetermined price for a predetermined period of time. The seller of the contract is obligated to buy or sell if called upon to do so. Call options: the right to buy at a certain price. Puts: the right to sell at a certain price. Forwards: contracts that obligate both parties to exchange a certain quantity of an underlying asset at a specified future point in time at a predetermined price. European style: options that can be exercised only at the expiry date. American style: options that can be exercised up to and including the expiry date. Call options are said to be in the money when the price of the underlying security is greater than the strike price. In the money in the unrealized gain side, out of money in the unrealized loss side.

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Related Questions

I. Fill in the blank using a number of terms listed below (@1 point). Annuity due, Asset Mgmt ratio, Call, Comparisons, Comparative ratio analysis, Corporation, Covered, Current Ratio, DSO, Du Pont Equation , Equal, Future performance, Greater, Higher, In-the-money, Less, Liquidity, Lower, Option, Ordinary Annuity, Out-of-the-money, Percentage, Perpetuity, Put, PV, Quick, Reduced, TIE, TATO, Trend Analysis, Writer 11. The payment or receipt of equal amounts, at the end of a series of equal periods, for a specified amount of time is called a(n) _______________. 12. When a loan is amortized over a five year term, the amount of interest paid is ________________ each year. 13. You have just won a $5 million lottery to be received in twenty annual equal payments of $250,000. What will happen to the present value of your winnings if the interest rate increases? It will be worth _________________. 14. The more frequent the compounding the _________________ the effective interest rate. 15. More frequent compounding results in _______________ future values and _______________ present values than less frequent compounding at the same nominal interest rate. 16. A(n) _______________ is a financial instrument that agrees to pay an equal amount of money per period into the indefinite future (i.e. forever). 17. A(n) _________________ is a contract which gives its holder the right to buy(or sell) an asset at some predetermined price within a specified period of time. 18. The seller of an option is called the option __________________. 19. An investor who writes call options against stock held in his or her portfolio is said to be selling _______________ options. 20. When the exercise price exceeds the current stock price, a call option is said to be _____________________; however, when the exercise price is less than the current price of the underlying stock, a call option is _________________. 21. An option which gives you the right to sell a stock at a specified price within some future period is called a(n) ______________ option.

Problem 2

The writer of a regular exchange-listed put-option on a stock:

Has the right to buy 100 shares of the underlying stock at the market price.

Has the right to sell 100 shares of the underlying stock at the exercise price.

Has the obligation to buy 100 shares of the underlying stock at the exercise price.

Has the obligation to sell 100 shares of the underlying stock at the exercise price.

Has the obligation to buy 100 shares of the underlying stock at the market price.

please really need some help with these questions

Problem 3

Suppose an investor have a put option. What will happen if the stock price on the exercise date is below the exercise price?

A. The seller will need to deliver stock to the owner of the option. B. The seller will be obliged to buy stock from the owner of the option. C. The owner will not exercise his option.
D. The option will extend for nine more months.
E. None of the above options.

Problem 5

Suppose an investor sells one share of stock and buys a call option on the stock. What will be the value of her investment on the final exercise date if the stock price is above the exercise price? (Ignore transaction costs.)

A. The value of two shares of stock.
B. The value of one share of stock plus the exercise price. C. The exercise price.
D. The value of one share of stock minus the exercise price.

E. None of the above options.

Problem 9

All else equal, as the underlying stock price decreases:

A. The put price increases.
B. The put price decreases.
C. The call price increases.
D. There is no effect on put price.
E. The put price can either increase, decrease, or remain the same.

Problem 10

All else equal, as the underlying stock volatility decreases:

A. The put price increases.
B. The put price decreases.
C. The call price increases.
D. There is no effect on put price.
E. The put price can either increase, decrease, or remain the same.

4. If you __________, then you may be forced to buy the underlying stock.

  1. Buy a Call Option
  2. Buy a Put Option
  3. Sell a Call Option
  4. Sell a Put Option

5. Lower risk free rates results in __________ Put Option prices and ______ Call Option Prices.

  1. Higher, Higher
  2. Higher, Lower
  3. Lower, Lower
  4. Lower,Higher

6. Which Statement is correct?

  1. Speculators make money by setting up transactions and are the go betweens in the derivatives market.
  2. A firm should always hedge in order to reduce risk whenever they can
  3. Hedgers do not mind losing money as long as they are reducing their risk
  4. Brokers try to find mispricings in the market where they can buy at a low price and simultaneously sell at a high price without taking on any risk.

7. Which statement regarding executive stock options is correct?

  1. They are short term and usually expire after one year.
  2. They should reduce agency costs by making managers act like shareholders
  3. They are included as compensation expense on the income statement.
  4. Managers can sell the options on an exchange

8. Which of the following statements are correct?

  1. Forward contracts are standardized and trade on an exchange
  2. Profits and Losses on Futures contracts are marked to market on a daily basis.
  3. Delivery of the assets almost never occurs in the forward market
  4. Futures contracts allow you to buy or sell individual stocks for a preset price on the expiration date.

9. You need a barrel of oil next month. You could either buy the oil today and keep it for a month, wait and buy the oil next month when you need it, you could enter into a futures contract to buy oil at the current futures price $81, or you can pay $2 for a call option that gives you the right to buy oil for $80. The current spot price is $79 and the risk free rate is 2%, and carrying costs are $2. If the price ends up being $84 next month, then you should have ______________.

  1. Waited to buy the oil
  2. Entered into a futures contract
  3. Bought a call option
  4. Buy the oil today and store it for a month.

10. Which of these should cause the dollar to appreciate?

  1. A decline in foreign demand for US goods and services
  2. An increase in US demand for foreign goods and services
  3. An increase in foreign demand for US financial assets
  4. An increase in the amount of gold held by the US central bank