AFM101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Deferred Income, Deferral, Accrual

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viridianleopard866

11 Oct 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Accounting & Financial Management

Course

AFM101

Professor

Thomas Manning

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AFM101 Full Course Notes

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Chapter 4: adjustments, financial statements, and the quality of earnings. Accounting cycle: the process used by entities to analyze and record transactions, adjust the records at the end of the period, prepare financial statements, and prepare the records for the next cycle. Trial balance: a list of all accounts with their balances that provides a check on the equality of the debits and credits. Materiality: suggests that minor items that would not influence decisions of financial statement users are to be treated in the easiest and most convenient manner. Permanent (real) accounts: the statement of financial position accounts whose ending balances are carried into the next accounting period. Temporary (nominal) accounts: statement of earnings (and sometimes dividends declared) accounts that are closed to retained earnings at the end of the accounting period. Closing entries: transfer balances in temporary accounts to retained earnings and establish zero balances in temporary accounts.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Accounting is an information and measurement system thatidentifies, records, and communicates relevant, reliable, andcomparable information about an organization's businessactivities.

True

False

QUESTION 2

We use the accounting equation to identify what a company ownsand owes. The accounting equation is:

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Assets = Liabilities â Equity

Assets = Liabilities + Revenues

Equity = Liabilities + Revenues

QUESTION 3

______ are beliefs that distinguish right from wrong. Thesebeliefs are accepted standards of gauging good and dishonestbehavior.

Accounting Standards

Ethics

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

FASB

QUESTION 4

The _____ is a collection of all accounts within a companyâsaccounting system.

We use the accounting equation to identify what a company ownsand owes. _____ are resources a company owns or controls, _____ areclaims creditors have against a companyâs assets, and _____ is theownerâs claim on a companyâs assets.

QUESTION 6

In double entry accounting a credit to an asset account willrepresent an increase in the asset account balance; and a debitwill represent a decrease in the asset account balance.

True

False

QUESTION 7

The purchase of supplies on credit will ____ assets and ____liabilities.

During the accounting cycle, we analyze transactions toprepare statements.

True

False

QUESTION 9

The supplies account for a company has a $1,000 debit balanceat the beginning of the year. Supplies of $2,000 were purchasedduring the year and debited to the Supplies account. A December 31physical count shows $500 of supplies remaining at the end of theyear. Assume no other adjusting entries are made during the year.Using the 3-step process for creating adjusting entries, calculatethe adjustment amount for supplies (no journal entry isrequired).

During the accounting cycle, to complete step 7 youwould:

Prepare post-closing trial balance--Test clerical accuracy ofthe closing procedures.

Prepare adjusted trial balance--Summarize adjusted ledgeraccounts and amounts.

Prepare statements--Use adjusted trial balance to preparefinancial statements.

Close--Journalize and post entries to close temporaryaccounts.

QUESTION 11

The three financial statements that should be prepared duringthe accounting cycle are the:

Balance sheet, adjusted trial balance, income statement

Balance sheet, unadjusted trial balance, Statement of OwnerâsEquity

Income statement, adjusted trial balance, Statement of OwnerâsEquity

Balance sheet, Income statement, Statement of OwnerâsEquity

QUESTION 12

An optional working paper, which is not a required report oran accounting record, but is used to prepare a company's unadjustedtrial balance, adjusting entries, adjusted trial balance, andfinancial statements is a(n):

Adjusted trial balance

Worksheet

Post-closing trial balance

Unadjusted trial balance

General ledger

QUESTION 13

The two goals for completing the closing process are:

To identify accounts for closing and record the closingentries

To journalize and post transactions

To post transactions and prepare post-closing trialbalance

To reset revenues, expenses, and withdrawal account balancesto zero at the end of each period, and help summarize an accountingperiodâs revenues and expenses.

QUESTION 14

Fill in the Blank: The _____ describes a companyâs financialposition â by the types and amounts of assets, liabilities, andequity -- at a point in time.

QUESTION 15

Return on Assets is useful in evaluating management, analyzingand forecasting profits, and planning activities.

True

False

QUESTION 16

The Income Statement:

Identifies cash inflows (receipts) and cash outflows(payments) over a period-of-time.

Summarize adjusted ledger accounts and amounts

Describes a companyâs revenues and expenses along with theresulting net income or net loss -- over a period-of-time due toearnings activities

Resets revenues, expenses, and withdrawal account balances tozero at the end of each period.

QUESTION 17

An internal control system consists of the policies andprocedures used to:

Protect assets and Ensure reliable accounting

Urge adherence to company policies and Promote efficientoperations

All of the above

None of the above.

QUESTION 18

The cost-benefit principle is the second limitation of_______.

Bank reconciliations

Petty cash controls

Voucher system of controls

Internal controls

QUESTION 19

The Unadjusted Trial Balance columns of a company's work sheetshows the Store Supplies account with a balance of $750. TheAdjustments columns shows a credit of $425 for supplies used duringthe period. The amount shown as Store Supplies in the Balance Sheetcolumns of the work sheet is:

A company shows a $600 balance in Prepaid Rent in theUnadjusted Trial Balance columns of the work sheet. The Adjustmentscolumns show expired rent of $200. This adjusting entry resultsin:

$200 decrease to net income

$200 increase to net income

$200 different between the debit and credit columns of theUnadjusted Trial Balance

An error in the Balance Sheet

QUESTION 21

This semester we have discussed four major financialstatements. List the 4 financial statements and describe them. Makesure to include how they flow together.

QUESTION 22

Explain the purpose of adjusting entries at the end of aperiod.

peararmadillo281

Chandler, Inc. is owned by Roscoe Chandler and providesappraisal services to individuals and companies wishing to purchaseand sell fine art. Chandler, Inc. began business on January 1,2016, and is just completing its first year of business. Roscoeasks for your help in completing the accounting cycle for thecompany by assisting with the closing process.

Before the closing entries are made, you begin with an adjustedtrial balance. The closing entries are essentially the link fromthe adjusted trial balance to the post-closing trial balance.

Chandler, Inc.

ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE

December 31, 2016

	ACCOUNTTITLE	DEBIT	CREDIT
1	Cash	76,000.00
2	Accounts Receivable	29,000.00
3	Prepaid Insurance	16,000.00
4	Equipment	60,000.00
5	Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment		40,000.00
6	Accounts Payable		6,000.00
7	Salaries Payable		8,000.00
8	Income Taxes Payable		4,000.00
9	Common Stock		2,000.00
10	Retained Earnings		18,000.00
11	Dividends	5,000.00
12	Income Summary
13	Fees Earned		175,600.00
14	Rent Revenue		92,000.00
15	Interest Revenue		17,200.00
16	Salaries Expense	71,000.00
17	Selling Expense	25,600.00
18	Income Taxes Expense	15,000.00
19	Depreciation Expense-Equipment	47,200.00
20	Insurance Expense	17,000.00
21	Miscellaneous Expense	1,000.00
22	Totals	362,800.00	362,800.00

The final step of the accounting cycle is the closing process.The main goal of this stage of the cycle is to ensure that thebalance of each temporary account is returned to zero and that netincome is transferred to the retained earnings account. The firststep in successfully undertaking the closing process is tounderstand the difference between a temporary account and apermanent account. Roscoe has some questions about the process.

Answer questions (1) - (3) below.

1. If a temporary account has an ending balance of $57,000, whatis its beginning balance for the following accounting period?

2. If a permanent account has an ending balance of $57,000, whatis its beginning balance for the following accounting period?

3. Roscoe will be preparing his yearly financial statementsafter completing Chandler, Inc.âs closing process, and is asomewhat confused about the characteristics of the accounts on hisChart of Accounts. He has started by creating the chart below, andasks for your help in completing it. For each account or type ofaccount listed, choose all descriptions that apply.

Temporary Account

Permanent Account

Closed to Income SummaryAccount

Yes

Revenues

Asset accounts

Retained Earnings account

Expenses

Liability accounts

Dividends account

Roscoe has attempted to prepare the closing entries forChandler, Inc. on this panel. Heâs not sure if heâs entered thejournal entries correctly, and asks you to review them. You findthat two of the entries are correct, but two are incorrect.

Determine which entries are incorrect, and enter all four of theclosing entries for Chandler, Inc. as of Dec. 31 on the Journalpanel.

PAGE 25

JOURNAL

	DATE	DESCRIPTION	DEBIT	CREDIT
1		Closing Entries
2	Dec. 31	Income Summary	284,800.00
3		Fees Earned		175,600.00
4		Rent Revenue		92,000.00
5		Interest Revenue		17,200.00
6	31	Income Summary	176,800.00
7		Salaries Expense		71,000.00
8		Selling Expense		25,600.00
9		Income Taxes Expense		15,000.00
10		Depreciation Expense-Equipment		47,200.00
11		Insurance Expense		17,000.00
12		Miscellaneous Expense		1,000.00
13	31	Retained Earnings	461,600.00
14		Income Summary		461,600.00
15	31	Retained Earnings	5,000.00
16		Dividends		5,000.00

purpleporcupine232

Sendelbach Corporation is a U.S.-based organization with operations throughout the world. One of its subsidiaries is headquartered in Toronto. Although this wholly owned company operates primarily in Canada, it engages in some transactions through a branch in Mexico. Therefore, the subsidiary maintains a ledger denominated in Mexican pesos (Ps) and a general ledger in Canadian dollars (C$). As of December 31, 2017, the subsidiary is preparing financial statements in anticipation of consolidation with the U.S. parent corporation. Both ledgers for the subsidiary are as follows:

Main OperationâCanada
	Debit		Credit
Accounts payable			C$	41,555
Accumulated depreciation				42,000
Buildings and equipment	C$	182,000
Cash		41,000
Common stock				65,000
Cost of goods sold		218,000
Depreciation expense		8,400
Dividends, 4/1/17		34,000
Gain on sale of equipment, 6/1/17				6,500
Inventory		94,000
Notes payableâdue in 2020				84,000
Receivables		83,000
Retained earnings, 1/1/17				150,590
Salary expense		38,000
Sales				327,000
Utility expense		10,500
Branch operation		7,745
Totals	C$	716,645	C$	716,645

Branch OperationâMexico
	Debit		Credit
Accounts payable			Ps	67,500
Accumulated depreciation				40,000
Building and equipment	Ps	55,000
Cash		66,500
Depreciation expense		3,500
Inventory (beginningâincome statement)		38,000
Inventory (endingâincome statement)				35,500
Inventory (endingâbalance sheet)		35,500
Purchases		72,000
Receivables		36,000
Salary expense		10,500
Sales				139,000
Main office				35,000
Totals	Ps	317,000	Ps	317,000

Additional Information

The Canadian subsidiaryâs functional currency is the Canadian dollar, and Sendelbachâs reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The Canadian and Mexican operations are not viewed as separate accounting entities.

The building and equipment used in the Mexican operation were acquired in 2007 when the currency exchange rate was C$0.21 = Ps 1.

Purchases of inventory were made evenly throughout the fiscal year.

Beginning inventory was acquired evenly throughout 2016; ending inventory was acquired evenly throughout 2017.

The Main Office account on the Mexican records should be considered an equity account. This balance was remeasured into C$7,745 on December 31, 2017.

Currency exchange rates for 1 Ps applicable to the Mexican operation follow:


Weighted average, 2016	C$	0.26
January 1, 2017		0.28
Weighted average rate for 2017		0.30
December 31, 2017		0.31

The December 31, 2016, consolidated balance sheet reported a cumulative translation adjustment with a $51,950 credit (positive) balance.

The subsidiaryâs common stock was issued in 2004 when the exchange rate was $0.44 = C$1.

The subsidiaryâs December 31, 2016, retained earnings balance was C$150,590, an amount that has been translated into U.S.$70,363.

The applicable currency exchange rates for 1 C$ for translation purposes are as follows:


January 1, 2017	US$	0.70
April 1, 2017		0.69
June 1, 2017		0.68
Weighted average rate for 2017		0.67
December 31, 2017		0.65

Remeasure the Mexican operationâs account balances into Canadian dollars. (Note: Back into the beginning net monetary asset or liability position.)

Prepare financial statements (income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet) for the Canadian subsidiary in its functional currency, Canadian dollars.

Translate the Canadian dollar functional currency financial statements into U.S. dollars so that Sendelbach can prepare consolidated financial statements.

Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.

Show less

Req A

Remeasure the Mexican operationâs account balances into Canadian dollars. (Note: Back into the beginning net monetary asset or liability position.) (Input all amounts as positive values.)

	Canadian Dollars
	Debit	Credit
Accounts payable
Accumulated depreciation
Building and equipment
Cash
Depreciation expense
Inventory (beginningâincome statement)
Inventory (endingâincome statement)
Inventory (endingâbalance sheet)
Purchases
Receivables
Salary expense
Sales
Main office

Total

b. Prepare financial statements (income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet) for the Canadian subsidiary in its functional currency, Canadian dollars.
c. Translate the Canadian dollar functional currency financial statements into U.S. dollars so that Sendelbach can prepare consolidated financial statements.

(Round U.S. Dollar values to 2 decimal places. Amounts to be deducted and losses should be indicated with a minus sign.)

Show less

SENDELBACH CORPORATION
Financial Statements
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Canadian Dollar	U.S. Dollar
Income Statement:
	C$

	C$






	C$

Statement of Retained Earnings:
Retained earnings, 1/1/15	C$


Retained earnings, 12/31/15	C$

Balance Sheet:
Assets:
	C$





Total	C$
Liabilities and Equities:
	C$





Total	C$

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AFM101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Deferred Income, Deferral, Accrual

AFM101 Full Course Notes

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