NURS 202 Chapter Notes - Chapter 44: Bedpan, Gastrointestinal Physiology, Nasogastric Intubation
Document Summary
The mechanical breakdown of food elements, gastrointestinal motility, and selective absorption and secretion of substances by the large intestine influence the character of feces. Food high in fibre content and an increased fluid intake keep feces soft. Ongoing use of cathartics, laxatives, and enemas affects and delays the reflexes of normal defecation. Vagal stimulation, which slows the heart rate, may occur during straining while defecating or receiving enemas, and during digital removal of an impacted stool. The greatest danger from diarrhea is developing an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes. The location of an ostomy influences the consistency of the stool. Assessment of bowel elimination patterns should focus on bowel habits, factors that normally influence defecation, recent changes in bowel elimination, and a physical examination. Indirect and direct visualization of the lower gastrointestinal tract requires cleansing of the bowel before the procedure.
