BIOL 120 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Guanine, Mutation, Dna Polymerase Iii Holoenzyme
Document Summary
Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna): the large, double stranded, helical molecule that contains the genetic material of all living organisms. Bacteriophages: a virus that infects bacteria (aka phage) Nucleotide: the monomer of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate. Deoxyribose sugar: a five-carbon sugar to which the nitrogenous bases in nucleotides of dna link covalently. Nitrogenous base: a nitrogen-containing molecule with the properties of a base. Purine (adenine, guanine): a type of nitrogenous base with two carbon-nitrogen rings. Pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine): a type of nitrogenous base with one carbon-nitrogen ring. Sugar-phosphate backbone: structure in a polynucleotide chain that is formed when deoxyribose sugars are linked by phosphate groups in an alternating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern. Phosphodiester bond: the linkage of nucleotides in polynucleotide chains by bridging a phosphate group between the 5 carbon of one sugar and the 3 carbon of the next sugar in line.