PSYC 2450 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Zygosity, Sickle-Cell Disease, Mendelian Inheritance
9 Nov 2017
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Phenot(cid:455)pe: the wa(cid:455) in which a person"s genot(cid:455)pe is e(cid:454)pressed. Conception: the moment of fertilization (23 chromosomes from each parent are given) Humans have 46 in the nucleus of each body cell. Genes: hereditary blueprints for development that are transmitted and unchanged from generation to generation. Dna: long double-stranded molecules that make up chromosomes. Mitosis: the process of cell duplication (cell duplicates its chromosomes, and then divides into two identical daughter cells) Meiosis: process of a germ cell dividing, produces gametes (sperm and ova). Each contains half the parent cells original compliment of chromosomes. Crossing-over: process in which genetic material is exchanged between pairs of chromosomes during meiosis. Independent assortment: when a pair of chromosomes separate during meiosis, it is chance which two will end up in a particularly new cell. Each pair segregates independently of all other pairs. Autosomes: the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are identical in males and females.
