MBG 2040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Transposable Element, Zygote, Dna Extraction

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Molecular Biology and Genetics
• Course: MBG 2040
• Professor: Krassimir Joseph Yankulov

Document Summary

Proof that genetic information is stored in dna: In some viruses, the genetic information is present in ribonucleic acid (rna) The structure of dna and rna: nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of repeating subunits called nucleotides, each nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, or pentose, and a cyclic nitrogen-containing compound called a base. In dna, the sugar is 2-deoxyribose and in rna, the sugar is ribose. Supercoils are introduced into and removed from dna molecules by enzymes that play essential roles in dna replication and other processes. Chromosomes structure in eukaryotes: eukaryotic genomes contain levels of complexity that are not encountered in prokaryotes. In contrast to prokaryotes, most eukaryotes are diploid, having two complete sets of genes, one from each parents: not only do most eukaryotes contain many times the amount of dna in prokaryotes, but also this. Dna is packaged into several chromosomes, and each chromosome is present in two or more copies.