FRHD 3150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Reinforcement, Corporal Punishment
1 Jun 2018
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CHAPTER 13
The Principle of Punishment
• Punisher
o Immediate consequence of an operant behaviour that causes that behaviour to
decrease in frequency
• Punishment
o Is occurs immediately after the problem behaviour
o It is not a form of moral sanction, vengeance, or retribution
o It is not used to deter others from engaging in the target behaviour
Type of Punishers
• Physical punisher
o Stimuli that activate pain receptors
o Nerve endings that detect pressure, stretching, and temperature changes
o Shocks, slaps, pinches, hair tugging, extreme cold or heat, very loud sounds, electric
shocks
o Unconditional punishers
▪ Stimuli that are punishing without prior learning
• Reprimand
o Strong negative verbal stimulus immediately contingent on behaviour
o Parent saying No! That was bad!
o Conditioned punisher
▪ Stimulus that is a punisher as a result of having been paired with another
punisher
• Timeout
o Individual loses the opportunity to earn reinforcers
o Exclusionary
▪ Removing an individual briefly from a reinforcing situation immediately
following the behaviour
▪ Timeout rooms
o Non-exclusionary
▪ Introducing into the situation a stimulus associated with less reinforcement
• Response cost
o Removal of a specific amount of a reinforcer immediately following a behaviour
o Library fines, traffic tickets, charges for overdrawn bank accounts
o Direct acting effect
▪ Punishment is the decreased frequency of a response because of its immediate
punishing consequence
o Indirect acting effect
▪ Weakening of a response that is followed by a punisher even though the
punisher is delayed
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Punishment
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