FRHD 3150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Reinforcement, Motivation
1 Jun 2018
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CHAPTER 4
Positive Reinforcement
• Positive reinforcer
o Event when presented immediately following a behaviour causes the behaviour to
increase in frequency
o Reward
• Operant behaviours
o Behaviours that operate on the environment to generate consequences and are
influenced by those consequences
• Positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement
o Negative reinforcement
▪ Removal of certain stimuli immediately after the occurrence of a response will
increase the likelihood of that response
o Both increase responses
• Positive reinforcement is a law of behaviour
o Important part of the learning process
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Conditioned Reinforcement
• Selecting the behaviour to be increased
o Start with general category and then more specific
o By being specific
▪ To ensure the reliability of detecting instances of the behaviour and changes in
its frequency
▪ Increase the likelihood that the reinforcement program will be applied
consistently
• Choosing reinforcers
o Food
o Candy
o Positive reinforcers can be classified under 5 headings
▪ Consumable
• Food or drink
▪ Activity
• Watch TV, read a book
▪ Manipulative
• Play with favourite toy, colour, paint
▪ Possessional
• Sit in a favourite chair, wear a favourite shirt
▪ Social
• Pats and hugs, praise, nods, smiles
o Reinforcer survey
o Premack Principle
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