FRHD 2040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Earth Science, Lev Vygotsky
1 Jun 2018
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CHAPTER 5
Defining play
• Essetial to a hild’s deelopet
• Adults must provide opportunities for children to play and learn from observations and actions
• Play is a necessary and integral part of childhood, infancy though adulthood
• Types of Play
o Free play
▪ Children have as many choices of materials as possible and in which they choose
to use the materials
o Guided play
▪ Teacher has selected materials from which the children may choose in order to
discover specific concepts
o Directed play
▪ Teacher instructs children in how to accomplish a specific task
• Characteristics of play
o Play is personally motivated
o Play is active
o Play is often nonliteral
o Play has no extrinsic goals
o Players supply meaning to play
o Play has no extrinsic rules
• Levels of play
o Social play
▪ Solitary
▪ Onlooker
▪ Parallel
▪ Associative
▪ Cooperative
o Play with objects
▪ Practice play
• Children explore possibilities
▪ Symbolic play
▪ Games with rules
▪ Games of construction
o Sociodramatic play
▪ Small group of participants playing defined roles they have chosen
▪ Foundation of early childhood education
o Vygotsky on Play
▪ Children begin to use objects in imaginary situations and label to actions with
words
▪ Pla reates the hild’s zoe of proial deelopet
• Child can control behaviour such as attending to a task before she is
able to control that behaviour in another setting
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▪ Play facilitates the separation of thought from actions and objects
• Child can pretend that a block is a boat; separation of objects from
meaning is critical to the development of abstract thinking
▪ Play facilitates the development of self-regulation
• Children are required to make their behaviour match the role they have
accepted
Purposes of Play
• Contributes to cognitive growth, aids social and emotional development, and is essential to
physical growth
• Intellectual development
o Exploratory play
▪ Child has no objective other that exploration
o Rule-governed play
▪ Child has objectives such as finding solutions to problems or determining cause
and effect
o Cognitive growth
▪ Irease i a hild’s asi store of knowledge
▪ Cognitive abilities
• Identifying, classifying, sequencing, observing, discriminating, making
predictions, drawing conclusions, comparing, and determining cause-
and-effect relationships
• Social and emotional development
o Egocentric thought pattern
▪ Children in play situations are forced to consider the viewpoints of their
playmates
• Physical development
o Achieve both fine and gross motor control through play
Development of Play Behaviours
• Infancy
o Sensorimotor
o Explore objects and people and investigate the effects of their actions
• Preschool
o Exploratory and practice play
o Focused on process rather than product
o Sociodramatic or fantasy play
▪ Focused on their own experiences
▪ Involved with others in play
▪ Vigorous
• Early primary grades
o Sociodramatic play that involves several children
o Constructive play
• Middle childhood
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Purposes of play: contributes to cognitive growth, aids social and emotional development, and is essential to physical growth. Intellectual development: exploratory play, child has no objective other that exploration, rule-governed play, child has objectives such as finding solutions to problems or determining cause and effect, cognitive growth. I(cid:374)(cid:272)rease i(cid:374) a (cid:272)hild"s (cid:271)asi(cid:272) store of knowledge: cognitive abilities. Infancy: sensorimotor, explore objects and people and investigate the effects of their actions, preschool, exploratory and practice play, focused on process rather than product, sociodramatic or fantasy play, focused on their own experiences, vigorous. Larger numbers of children: materials are different, children learn to work cooperatively with others, more restricted at school than home. Learn physics as they build with blocks and learn about stress, mass, and weight. Learn about simple machines as they experiment with ramps, levers, and gears. Learn earth science as they play in the sand and observe that weather.
