FRHD 2040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Dramatization, Brainstorming, Communicative Competence
1 Jun 2018
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CHAPTER 9
Defining Language
• System of communication used by humans
• Orally or by sign and can be extended into written form
• Characteristics of language
o Language is rule governed
o It is arbitrary
o It is changing
• Systems of language
o Phonology
▪ System of sounds that make up for the language
o Morphology
▪ The meanings of sounds
o Morpheme
▪ Smallest unit of sound that carries meaning
o Syntax
▪ Rules for combining words into phrases and sentences
▪ Transforming sentences into other sentences
o Semantics
▪ Acquiring vocabulary and meanings associated with words
o Pragmatics
▪ Use of language to express intention and to get things done
o Communicative competence
▪ Ability of a speaker to use language appropriately in a communication
experience
o Sociolinguistics
▪ Study of language in a social context
Learning Language
• Master basic structure of their native language by the time they are 4
• Sequence of language development
o Most children move from differentiated crying through cooing and babbling to express
jargon and one-word sentences
o Many develop idiomorphs
▪ Not real word
• Theoretical models of language learning
o Behaviourist model
▪ Consistent with the rules of operant conditioning
▪ Infants are presented with language, they imitate the language, and they are
rewarded for their imitation
▪ Fails to accout for the fact that a child’s laguage is costructed i ways that
have never been modeled by mature speakers
▪ Difficulty explaiig regressios i childre’s laguage
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