BIOL 205 Chapter Notes - Chapter 32: Saccule, Retina, Taste Receptor

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ceruleanwhale471

7 Dec 2017

School

University of Calgary

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 205

Professor

Peter Neuhaus

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Document Summary

Chapter 32 textbook notes (chapter 29 in old version) All senses trigger the same type of action potential. Action potential received from sensory receptors, brain produces perception. Proception- colour, smell, sound, taste- constructed by brain, form meaningful interpretation. Sensory receptors- specialized cells or neurons that detect stimuli. Sensory neurons for sweet-detection synapse with different interneurons in the brain. Sensory adaptation- tendency of some sensory receptors to become less sensitive when they are stimulated repeatedly. Pain receptors- pain indicates danger, all parts of the human body except the brain have pain receptors, respond to heat, pressure, or chemicals released from damaged tissue. Thermoreceptors- dete(cid:272)t heat a(cid:374)d (cid:272)old, hypothala(cid:373)us is (cid:271)ody s ther(cid:373)ostat, reads a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) potentials from surface and in body. Mechanoreceptors- touch, pressure, stretching, motion, sound, (stretch receptors- monitor position of body parts, hair cells- detect sound waves and other forms of movement in water) Chemoreceptors- nose and taste buds, internal- arteries, detech o2 in blood, osmoreceptors detect thirst.

Related Questions

Sensory systems

1.All sensory input arrives at the central nervous system in the same form, as ____________ propagated by afferent neurons. Perception of the type and intensity of a stimulus depends on which part of the brain the impulse projects to and the firing frequency the sensory neuron.

A.action potentials B.receptor potentials C.reflexes D.frequency localizations E.thresholds

2.The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature, or specific chemicals.

A.nociceptors B.free nerve endings C.gated channels D.photoreceptors. E.ganglia

3.When membrane proteins on an olfactory neuron are stimulated by the binding of a specific chemical, what is the immediate result?

A.membrane depolarization B.membrane repolarization C.active ion transport D.membrane hyperpolarization E.neurotransmitter release

5.The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A.adult amphibians B.reptiles C.birds D.mammals E.fish

6.Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

A.stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft B.neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C.neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft D.stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation E.stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release

7.Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

A.hearing B.taste C.smell D.humidity E.vision

8.Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?

A.Meissner's corpuscles B.Ruffini endings C.Merkel cells D.red corpuscles E.Pacinian corpuscles

9.What are the receptors called that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain?
A. baroreceptors B. chemoreceptors C. nociceptors
D. thermoreceptors E. propioceptors

10. Which of the following do humans NOT have taste buds specialized to sense?

A. salty B. sour. C. sweet. D. vitamins E. bitter

11.Which sequence of events is required for the brain to interpret sound?
I. Vibration of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane causes cilia on hair cells to bend and triggers depolarization.

II. Hair cells stimulate the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that project to the brain.

III. Ganglion cell axons transmit action potentials to the occipital lobe.

A. II then I B.III then I then II. C.III then I D.I then II E.I then II then III

12. Which animal became numerous and widespread by using sonar to enable a high level activity in the dark?

A.bats B.whales C.owls D.dolphins E.shrews

13.In the vertebrate eye, what structure is light focused onto?

A.pupil B.lens C.retina D.sclera E.iris

14.Which is NOT a part of the vertebrate eye?

A. cornea B. retina C. iris D. cochlea E. pupil

15. In the vertebrate eye, what structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina?
A. fovea. B. cornea. C. iris D. lens E. sclera

16.What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

A.rods B.cones C.bipolar cells. D.glial cells. E.ganglion cells

17. What sensory equipment is required for an animal to have binocular vision?

A.eyes located to the sides of the head B.forward-facing eyes C.a camera-type eye with multiple lenses

D. infrared vision E.ultraviolet vision

18. Choose the receptor that is NOT correctly matched with its function.

A.proprioceptor - monitors stretch of muscle fibers

B.baroreceptor - monitors hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels

C.nociceptor - transmits signals that the brain interprets as pain

D.chemoreceptor - perceives taste and smell stimuli

E.peripheral chemoreceptor - monitors the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

19. Where is the visual image in focus for a nearsighted individual?

A.behind the retina B.in front of the retina C.on the retina, but it appears blurred

D.at the lens, forming a shadow on the retina E.on the retina, but it is upside down

20. Since the optic nerve must pass through the retinal layer, we all have a blind spot devoid of light receptors. This normally goes unnoticed, since the brain attempts to compensate for missing sensory information by filling it in based on surrounding patterns. Which step of the sensory pathway is represented by perceptual filling-in of the physiological blind spot?

A. interpretation B. stimulus. C. transduction into receptor potential D.action potential transmission

BIOL 205 Chapter Notes - Chapter 32: Saccule, Retina, Taste Receptor

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