NUTR100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10, 12: Innate Immune System, Antibody, Adaptive Immune System
21 Jun 2018
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Chapter 10 Additional Readings
- Canadians eat about 3400 mg of sodium a day, double what we need
- Sodium intake has been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis, stomach cancer and
severity of asthma
- Too much can lead to high blood pressure, major risk factor for stroke, heart and kidney
disease
Chapter 12
- Those who eat more antioxidants have a lower risk of cancer and heart disease
- Biggest study was a 5 year study in China
oThose who had the pill with beta carotene, vitamin E, and selenium had a cancer
rate 13% lower than the population
- Fruits and vegetables are the richest source of antioxidants
- Innate immunity: body’s first line of defense, includes physical barriers of the skin,
gastrointestinal mucosa, respiratory tract lining
- Acquired immunity: develop powerful response to specific invaders, remember the
invaders for swift and more effective responses
- Defenses
oPhysical barriers: skin, mucous membranes of GI, respiratory, and urogenital
tracts
oCellular: white blood cells, phagocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages
oAntibodies: produced by B lymphocytes
oAntigen: foreign protein or large molecule that invades the body
- Immune system is the most sensitive system to changes in nutritional status
- The cell mediated immune system, which involves T-lymphocytes, is the most affected
by poor nutritional status
- Deficiencies best known to affect immunity are protein, vitamins A, B6 and E, folate,
iron, selenium, and zinc
- Proteins make antibodies, maintain skin and mucosal barriers, and for cell division
oIncidence of infection is high in situations where protein status is poor
- Glutamine: amino acid needed by the cells of the immune system, to provide energy
and to make antibodies and other proteins including those needed for cell division
oMay be increased need for glutamines in stressed or sick individuals
oClassified as a conditionally essential amino acid because body cannot produce
enough in an immune suppressed or distressed state
- Vitamin A: needed to maintain the integrity of the skin and mucous producing cells,
required for immune cells to divide and make antibodies
- Vitamin C: increases the killing power of white blood cells, important in the synthesis of
antibodies
- Zinc: needed for cell division and to make antibodies, deficiency may reduce the number
of white blood cells
- Excess amount of Vitamin A/E, copper, magnesium, and zinc have negative effects on
immunity
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