BIOL 2050 Chapter 2: Module 2 - Mitosis:Meiosis

94 views14 pages

tealminnow441

15 Feb 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

2. 1 prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in a number of genetic characteristics. Prokaryote: unicellular organism, simple cell structure. Eukaryote: compartmentalized cell structure, can be unicellular or multicellular. Intracellular membranes prokaryotes include at least 2 diff types of bacteria: 1) eubacteria. 2. 2 cell reproduction requires the copying of the genetic material, separation of the copies and cell. Division for any cell to reproduce successfully, 3 events must take place: 1) genetic info must be copied, 2) copies of the genetic info must be separated from each other, 3) cell must divide. 10 hrs in this phase: s phase. This step must happen before the cell can proceed to mitosis. If dna synthesis is blocked (by drugs or a mutation) the chromosomes will not be duplicated and the cell will not be able to undergo mitosis. After s phase, each chromosome is made of 2 chromatids. 9 hours in this phase: g2 phase gap 2 phase.

Related Questions

LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

â¢ Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

â¢ PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

â¢ Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens	Objective Magnification	Ocular Magnification	Total Magnification
Scanning	4X	10X	40X
Low Power	10X	10X
High Power	40X	10X
Oil Immersion	100X	10X

â¢ Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

â¢ What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

â¢ What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

â¢ List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

â¢ List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

â¢ In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

â¢ Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

â¢ The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

â¢ The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

â¢ A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

â¢ Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

â¢ Describe dark field microscopy.

â¢ Describe phase contrast microscopy.

â¢ Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

â¢ How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure	Function	Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane		Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus	Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast		Spirogyra
Cell wall

True or False????? HELP

1. In the field of epidemiology, increased prevalence of a disease in a population is the universal signal that disease control and treatment are not effective.

2. Cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes typically contain more proteins than cytoplasmic membranes of eukaryotes microorganisms.
3. Sanger (or dideoxy) DNA sequencing produces relatively short DNA sequence data, but is by far the least expensive DNA sequencing method currently available.
4. The (italicizes) abbreviation lac Z refers explicitly to the beta galactosidase protein/ enzyme.
5. Archaeal pathogens have been linked to some of the most virulent infectious diseases. 6. A bacterial mutant that is unable to make an amino acid required for growth (relative to its wild-type strain is termed an auxotroph.
7. When counting plaques to enumerate phage particles (as in the BIOL2026 Laboratory), the plaque represents lacK, not presence, of bacterial growth.
8. Because of competition with plant roots for nutrients, microbial numbers in the rhizosphere are typically much lower than in surrounding bulk soil.
9. Chemolithoautotrophy is the strategy that facilitates the existence of biological communities deep beneath the earthâs surface and near hydrothermal vents.

10. In a primary treatment (1 Â°) system of a municipal sewage/ wastewater treatment plant, the main goal is to remove ammonium (NH4+) using specific bacterial enrichment cultures.
11. The small intestine in human is the main site of microbial breakdown of partially digested food.
12. Root nodules of legumes contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
13. Anoxygenic photosynthesis involves using/ removing electrons from H2O.
14. Algae and Cyanobacteria utilize generally the same two-photosystem biochemical mechanisms in the light- reaction of photosynthesis.
15. In bacteria, the only known reason proton motive force is generated is to power ATP synthase in cellular respiration/ oxidative phosphorylation.
16. Anaerobic respiration is only carried out by prokaryotes, however fermentation can be carried out by both prokaryote and eukaryal microorganism.

17. The general structure and biochemical âmotorsâ of flagella are similar between Bacteria and eukaryotic cells, but fundamentally different in the Archaea.
18. Antibiotic resistance genes appeared in microbes (for the first time ever) only after human .. producing and releasing massive amounts of antibiotics to the environment.
19. Experiment by Esther Lederberg, and then later by Luria and Delbruck (that won them a Nobel prize), illustrated that genetic mutations in bacteria arose in the absence of selective pressures, rather than in response to selection.
20. Quaternary sensing is a mechanism used by bacteria to sense other bacteria and regulate gene expression accordingly (e.g. In the case of expressing the liac operon or initiating EPS production in biofilms).

BIOL 2050 Chapter 2: Module 2 - Mitosis:Meiosis

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 2050 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Oogenesis, Prometaphase, Cytoplasm

BIOL 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dna Replication, Nuclear Membrane, Sister Chromatids

BIOL 2050 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Regulator Gene, Chromatin, Polyadenylation

Related Questions